OPHTHALMOLOGY

Question 1

absence of central vision

Answer 1

central scotoma

Question 2

central scotoma in what conditions

Answer 2

ARMD dry, optic neuritis

Question 3

eye looking down & out, fixed dilated pupil, proptosis & ptosis. what nerve palsy

Answer 3

CN III

Question 4

eyes look upwards, vertical diplopia, cannot look down and in. head held tilted.

Answer 4

CN IV

Question 5

horizontal diplopia, eyes medially deviated, & cannot move laterally from midline. Convergent squint (start in) what nerve palsy

Answer 5

CN VI

Question 6

red sclera, sudden painful loss of vision

Answer 6

temporal arthritis, giant cell, ARMD

Question 7

clouding of lens due to denaturation of the lens protein as part of ageing, most common cause of blindness, gradual painless loss of vision, reduced visual acuity, diminished red reflex

Answer 7

cataract

Question 8

sudden painless profound loss of central vision in one eye following few days distorted vision (due to swelling at macula causing missalignment of photoreceptors) – in wet form, neovascularisation leads to large solitary haemorrhage at the macula leading to scarring on ophthalmoscopy

Answer 8

ARMD

Question 9

pressure in eye elevates resulting in mid-dilated pupil, cornea becomes oedematous causing haloes and reduced vision, high IOP results in ocular ischaemia leading to nausea, vomiting and sudden unilateral painful loss of vision and red eye

Answer 9

acute closed angle glaucoma

Question 10

is characterised by raised IOP, disc cupping and field defects, this is chronic and insidious loss of vision

Answer 10

open angle glaucoma

Question 11

red, irritable sticky eyes with normal visual acuity – treat with antibiotic drops

Answer 11

bacterial conjunctviitis

Question 12

– red, irritable itchy eyes with normal visual acuity – treat with antihistamine drops

Answer 12

allergic conjunctivitis

Question 13

sudden onset unilateral visual loss which may occur in poorly controlled diabetes

Answer 13

retinal haemorrhage