Ophthalmic, Otic and Mouth Conditions

Question 1

Eyelid conditions

Answer 1

Blepharitis- Inflamm of eyelid margin.

Hordeolum- Edema of entire lid, hair follicles of eyeleashes

Question 2

Inflamm cond. of the membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the sclera.

Answer 2

Conjunctivitis

Question 3

red irritated eye with discharge is probable what type of purulent Conjunctivitis, >72h then refer to Dr.

Answer 3

Bacterial Conj- purulent discharge
Allergic- watery discharge
Viral- NO ITCHING, NO DISCHARGE, refer to Dr. immediately

Question 4

Gritty, sandy feeling in the eye, photosensitivity and difficulty moving eye is probable what then when to refer to Dr.

Answer 4

Dry eye, >5 days

-dec. lachrymal gland secretion, aqueous deficiency

Question 5

Non RX tx for bacterial or viral conjunctivitis.

Answer 5

Anti-invectives combined:
Polymyxin B/gramicidin eye drops
Polymyxin B/bacitracin oint

Question 6

RX tx for bacterial or viral conjunctivitis

Answer 6

Trimethoprim/poly B drops
Eryth or bacitracin oint
Sulfacetamide 10% solution
Viral: Trifluridine, Acyclovir, Famci, Vala

Question 7

RX tx for allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 7

Artificial tears 4-6x d, ophth and oral antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers and for chronic, corticosteroids

Question 8

Common bacterial causes of conjunctivitis and symptoms

Answer 8

S aureus, S. pneumonia (common in children), H. influenza

Abrupt onset, muco or purulent discharge, minimal itching

Question 9

Common cause of viral conjunctivitis and symptoms

Answer 9

Adenovirus, heroes simplex virus

min. itch, gen. redness, profuse discharge serious

Question 10

Common causes for allergic conjunctivitis and symptoms

Answer 10

Ragweed, grass pollen

severe itch, burning sensation, watery eyes, mild redness

Question 11

RX drugs for allergic conjunctivitis: classify antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers etc.

Answer 11

Levocobastine, emedastine- H1 antagonist
Olopatadine- antihistamine, mc stabilizer
Nedocromil, Iodoxamide- mc stabilizers
Ketorolac- NSAID

Question 12

What deficiency is damage or inflamm of goblet cells causes erythema multiformea

Answer 12

Mucin deficiency

Question 13

Dec. in what is common w patients w blepharitis

Answer 13

Lipid deficiency

Question 14

Defects in corneal epithelium that can impair tear film stability

Answer 14

Epitheliopathies

Question 15

What conditions best for warm and cold compresses

Answer 15

Warm: Blepharitis and hordeolum
Cold: Conjunctivitis and dry eye

Question 16

Pharmacotherapies like substituted cellulose ethers
Ointments
Art. tear inserts

Answer 16

substituted cellulose ethers: Polyvinyl polymers PVP
Ointments: petrolatum and carbomer
Art. tear inserts: hydroxypropylcellulose HPMC
Others: Pilocarpine, Acetylcysteine, Methylprednisone
Emollients: lanolin, min. oil, petrolatum

Question 17

Hard lens: Hydrophobic 
Polymethyl methcrylate (PMMA)
Life 5yr until lost
daily wear time <12h
low microbial contamination 
STRONG

Answer 17

Soft lenses: Hydrophilic 
Hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA)
1 day to 1 yr
daily wear time >12h
high microbial contamination
FRAFILE
*disposable opened daily, no reg. soln. required

Question 18

Contact lens solutions:
Surfactants
Protein/ enzyme cleaners
Wetting and rewetting solutions

Answer 18

Surfactants- remove loose debris and protein cleaners, disinfect contaminants
Protein/ enzyme cleaners- contain papain, pancreatin, subtilism. Remove prot. deposits by natural brkdwn of debris
Wetting and rewetting solutions- cushioning, lubricant effect

Question 19

DIs with contact lenses

OCP antihistamines hypnotics sedatives anticholinergics Isotretinoin and ASA

Answer 19

OCP alters tear comp. = dec. lubri
antihistamines hypnotics sedatives- dec. blink rate (hydration)
anticholinergics antihistamines TCAs- dec. tear volume
Isotretinoin- itch, dec. wear time in soft lens
ASA- ocular irritation, redness in soft lens

Question 20

Drugs that cause discoloration of soft lens

Answer 20

Dopamine Nitrofurantoin Sulfasalazine Tetracyclin Phenazopyridine Phenolphthalein Rifampin Pyrantel pamoate

Question 21

Mouth ulcers remedies:

Local anes, analgesics protectants and RX meds

Answer 21

Local anes: Benzo, Lidocaine
analgesics: aceta, NSAIDs, ASA
protectants: hydroxycellulose, base agents Zilactin and Oractane
RX meds: Corticosteroids, Fluocinomide, Clobetasol and Triamcinolone

Question 22

Accumulation of puss in dental cavities and DOCs

Answer 22

Dental abscess.

Pen V, Amoxi or Eryth (base for adults and estolate for children)

Question 23

This begins with prodromal symptoms of mild burning or itching on the lips, small vesicles filled with clear fluid wc will rupture then crust over. Caused by activation of what virus?

Answer 23

Cold sores caused by HSV1

also known as recurrent heroes labialis

Question 24

Cold sores transmitted through direct contact are tx with what.

Answer 24

RX Acyclovir, OTC Abreva (Docasanol), ZnSO4 (Lipactin)
top. anes. ester types: Benz, Tetra
ext. analgesics: menthol, camphor, benzyl alcohol
Astringent: Burrow’s solution
Protectants: prevent drying of lesions

Question 25

Small, shallow lesions that dev. on soft tissues in mouth. Recurrent apthous stomatitis usually appear where?

Answer 25

Canker sores. In cheeks, tongue, soft palate floor of mouth

Question 26

Canker sores sign and symptoms. Tx

Answer 26

S. sanguis partly the cause.
Women&raquo_space; Men
Round with white center and red halo
painful recurrent ulcers in the oral mucosa
Top. anes. and protectants. + Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash