Dermatological Conditions

Question 1

Head lice non and neurotoxic drugs.

DOC, best ovicidal activity among all treatment with 70-80% efficacy

Answer 1

N: Permethrin 1%-DOC
Lindane 1% (shampoo)
Non: Isopropyl mestearate IPM (Result

Question 2

Directions of use for neurotoxic drugs for head lice?

Answer 2

Permethrin: Wet hair, apply drug leave on for 10mins, wash and remove nits by fine teeth comb. This is applied day- and day7-10 for retreatment.
Lindane: Apply for 4minutes to dry hair

Question 3

Infestation of skin with human mites, Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, highly contagious and give manifestations.

Answer 3

Scabies. Burrows (linear tunnel), papules and blister, pruritus (eczematus) severe at nights, pustules

Question 4

DOC for scabies for adults and children >2yo. For <2yo needs RX- medical supervision

Answer 4

-Permethrin 5% adults and >2yo
-Sulfur 6% in petrolatum- pregnancy, lactation and <2yo *APP BID F10D
5-10% small children and pregnant women

Question 5

Increase sebum production.
Pore orifice remains closed, open.
inflamm lesions, gram +ve anaerobic acne bacteria.

Answer 5

Microcomedone
close comedone-black heads
open comedone-white
Propionibacterium acne another name, Corynebacterium parvum

Question 6

• Peeling agent with antibacterial, mainly used for papulopustular acne, applied at bedtime.
• topical vitamin used in comedogenic acne, not used in pregnancy

Answer 6

• Benzoyl peroxide

- Topical retinoids (Tretinoin 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%)

Question 7

Antibiotics and other drugs used to dec. colonization of skin mainly in papulopustular acne.
Acne tx during pregnancy?

Answer 7

Topical: Eryth, Clinda (both can be used during pregnancy)
Systemic: Tet, Mino, Doxy, Eryth and Isotrenoin

Question 8

Isotretinoin oral SEs

Answer 8

Teratogenicity, dry skin lips oculr wffects (conjunctivitis, might dec. vision) inc TG, choles lvl and liver function, reversible hair loss
CI in pregnancy and planning to

Question 9

Differentiate mild and moderate acne symptoms and drug treatment.

Answer 9

Mild-moderate: minor pimples, black white heads NO INFLAMM. Benzoyl peroxide and topical retinoids
Severe: Popules, postules, cyst nodules, INFLAMM
Antibiotics topical and oral, oral isotretinoins

Question 10

Caused by Pityrosis R -common >30yo

Symptoms and tx. Types

Answer 10

Rosacea. Erythematic- redness
Tx: Metronidazole 0.75% gel or cream or 1% cream
1) Papulopustular lesions and eye involvement w or wo flushing
2) Telangiectasia or facial edema or rhinophyma

Question 11

Different forms of eczema.

Answer 11

Atopic dermatitis or eczema
Contact dermatitis
Diaper (or napkin) dermatitis

Question 12

Differentiate Atopic from Contact dermatitis

Answer 12

Atopic- chrinic inflamm pruritic dermatosis assoc w personal or family hx of allergic disease
Contact- pattern of lesions, distribution, indentification of allergic, chemical or physical cause.

Question 13

Pharmaceutical agents for atopic and contact dermatitis.

Answer 13

Emollients- soothing protective film
Topical HC 0.5%- relieve itching w atopic, SE contact dermatitis, allergies, pain and pruritus
Oral antihistamines- for itching due to dry skin
Coal tar-best applied under emollient due to drying prop.

Question 14

Coal tar pharmacologic activities and SEs

Answer 14

Astringent, keratolytic, antipruritic, antiseptic properties
May cause folloculitis, tar acne. photosensitive, contact dermatitis
often messy, unpleasant odor stains hair skin and clothing

Question 15

A distinguished skin condition from contact dermatitis in which rash appears within minutes of exposure and faded away within mins to hrs.
And what is the best known allergic example

Answer 15

Contact urticaria— latex

Question 16

Meds used for uncomplicated diaper rash.

Answer 16

ZnO- 40% tx, 15% for prevention, use lanolin free protectant barrier w q diaper change
Petrolatum and HC

Question 17

Meds used for complicated diaper rash

Answer 17

Anti yeast agents: Clotri, Mico, Nystatin—only effective against C. albicans *all use for 7-10 days
Anti inflamm: HC not to be used >1wk
and ZnO

Question 18

Refers to a group of disorders, skin swelling. Release of Histamine causes small blood vessels to leak and results in tissue swelling
-sometimes due to allergy, dev. of immune reaction to it, IgE is involved

Answer 18

Urticaria

-Acute urticaria

Question 19

Due to dehydration of stratum corneum, also another term.

Answer 19

Dry, scaly skin. Xerosis

Question 20

Replaces skin natural oils, cover tiny fissures, don’t hydrate skin but slows evaporation of moisture from skin. Give examples

Answer 20

Emolliets. Petrolatum glycerin urea lactic acid, mineral oil, lanolin and fatty acids

Question 21

Oral histamines SEs and CIs

Answer 21

drowsiness, GI disturb., paradoxical excitability, nervousness and diff. sleeping
CI: glaucoma, kidney and liver diease, prostatic hypertrophy. preg. and lactating women

Question 22

Differentiate occlusives from humectants

Answer 22

Occ: provide layer of oil on surface of skin to slow water loss and thus inc. moisture content of startum corneum
Hum: inc. water holding capacity, adding water to S corn. include glycerin and urea

Question 23

At higher conc. descaling or keratolytic action by thinning the s. corn., known as peeling agents

Answer 23

Alpha hydroxy acids— lactic or glycolic acid

Question 24

Disorder of the skin that typically consists of red scaly patches covered by silvery white scales. Approx. 2% of adults have this. What aids to be done/given?

Answer 24

Psoriasis
Sunshine, baths, emollients, PUVA= psolarens (photosensitizer) + UVA (UV light inh. epidermal mitosis),
occlusive dressings, hydrogel/hydrocolloids, SA, anthralin, corticosteroids and Methotrexate

Question 25

This is excessive scaling and itching, inflamm. dermatosis. Greasy yellowish scale over erythmatous patches.
Cradle cap in infants but not itchy.

Answer 25

Seborrhea

seborrheic dermatits

Question 26

Dandruff/seborrhea pharmacologic tx,

cytostatic/antifungal shampoo containing what? and others

Answer 26

Se sulfide, Zn pyrithione or ketoconazole
Keratolytics- soften and detach flakes
Coal tar, antiseptics: benzalkonium Cl, Chlorhexidine, Povidone I)

Question 27

Cytostatic effect that slows cell turnover and antifungal effect against P. ovale and DI.

Answer 27

Ketoconazole— not to be used within 2 wks of tx with topical corticosteroids

Question 28

Pharmacologic activities of Se sulfide Zn pyrithione, SA and Sulfur

Answer 28

Se sulfide and Zn pyrithione- cytostatic and antifungal effect
SA and Sulfur- keratolytic effect
*all are used 2x a week except Zn, can be daily

Question 29

DOC for Athletes’s foot and other drug txs

Answer 29

Clotrimazole 1% cream DOC, Mico 2% or tioconazole, tolnaftate or undecylenic acid (antifungal agents)
antiperspirant or absorbent powder (talcum or AlCl) to dec. sweating

Question 30

Warts found on sole of feet.

Face or neck.

Answer 30

Plantar warts (verrucae plantaris)
-flat wart

Question 31

Burn degrees

Answer 31

1st: superficial, sunburn
2nd: blisters, hot water, flame and oil
3rd: full thickness, plainless leathery, flame and hot metal

Question 32

Sunburn UVs

Answer 32

UVA- phototoxicity, photoaging, immunosuppression and skin cancer
UVB- sunburn, immunosupp. skin cancer