Dermatological Conditions Flashcards
Head lice non and neurotoxic drugs.
DOC, best ovicidal activity among all treatment with 70-80% efficacy
N: Permethrin 1%-DOC
Lindane 1% (shampoo)
Non: Isopropyl mestearate IPM (Result
Directions of use for neurotoxic drugs for head lice?
Permethrin: Wet hair, apply drug leave on for 10mins, wash and remove nits by fine teeth comb. This is applied day- and day7-10 for retreatment.
Lindane: Apply for 4minutes to dry hair
Infestation of skin with human mites, Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, highly contagious and give manifestations.
Scabies. Burrows (linear tunnel), papules and blister, pruritus (eczematus) severe at nights, pustules
DOC for scabies for adults and children >2yo. For <2yo needs RX- medical supervision
-Permethrin 5% adults and >2yo
-Sulfur 6% in petrolatum- pregnancy, lactation and <2yo *APP BID F10D
5-10% small children and pregnant women
Increase sebum production.
Pore orifice remains closed, open.
inflamm lesions, gram +ve anaerobic acne bacteria.
Microcomedone
close comedone-black heads
open comedone-white
Propionibacterium acne another name, Corynebacterium parvum
- Peeling agent with antibacterial, mainly used for papulopustular acne, applied at bedtime.
- topical vitamin used in comedogenic acne, not used in pregnancy
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Topical retinoids (Tretinoin 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%)
Antibiotics and other drugs used to dec. colonization of skin mainly in papulopustular acne.
Acne tx during pregnancy?
Topical: Eryth, Clinda (both can be used during pregnancy)
Systemic: Tet, Mino, Doxy, Eryth and Isotrenoin
Isotretinoin oral SEs
Teratogenicity, dry skin lips oculr wffects (conjunctivitis, might dec. vision) inc TG, choles lvl and liver function, reversible hair loss
CI in pregnancy and planning to
Differentiate mild and moderate acne symptoms and drug treatment.
Mild-moderate: minor pimples, black white heads NO INFLAMM. Benzoyl peroxide and topical retinoids
Severe: Popules, postules, cyst nodules, INFLAMM
Antibiotics topical and oral, oral isotretinoins
Caused by Pityrosis R -common >30yo
Symptoms and tx. Types
Rosacea. Erythematic- redness
Tx: Metronidazole 0.75% gel or cream or 1% cream
1) Papulopustular lesions and eye involvement w or wo flushing
2) Telangiectasia or facial edema or rhinophyma
Different forms of eczema.
Atopic dermatitis or eczema
Contact dermatitis
Diaper (or napkin) dermatitis
Differentiate Atopic from Contact dermatitis
Atopic- chrinic inflamm pruritic dermatosis assoc w personal or family hx of allergic disease
Contact- pattern of lesions, distribution, indentification of allergic, chemical or physical cause.
Pharmaceutical agents for atopic and contact dermatitis.
Emollients- soothing protective film
Topical HC 0.5%- relieve itching w atopic, SE contact dermatitis, allergies, pain and pruritus
Oral antihistamines- for itching due to dry skin
Coal tar-best applied under emollient due to drying prop.
Coal tar pharmacologic activities and SEs
Astringent, keratolytic, antipruritic, antiseptic properties
May cause folloculitis, tar acne. photosensitive, contact dermatitis
often messy, unpleasant odor stains hair skin and clothing
A distinguished skin condition from contact dermatitis in which rash appears within minutes of exposure and faded away within mins to hrs.
And what is the best known allergic example
Contact urticaria— latex
Meds used for uncomplicated diaper rash.
ZnO- 40% tx, 15% for prevention, use lanolin free protectant barrier w q diaper change
Petrolatum and HC
Meds used for complicated diaper rash
Anti yeast agents: Clotri, Mico, Nystatin—only effective against C. albicans *all use for 7-10 days
Anti inflamm: HC not to be used >1wk
and ZnO
Refers to a group of disorders, skin swelling. Release of Histamine causes small blood vessels to leak and results in tissue swelling
-sometimes due to allergy, dev. of immune reaction to it, IgE is involved
Urticaria
-Acute urticaria
Due to dehydration of stratum corneum, also another term.
Dry, scaly skin. Xerosis
Replaces skin natural oils, cover tiny fissures, don’t hydrate skin but slows evaporation of moisture from skin. Give examples
Emolliets. Petrolatum glycerin urea lactic acid, mineral oil, lanolin and fatty acids
Oral histamines SEs and CIs
drowsiness, GI disturb., paradoxical excitability, nervousness and diff. sleeping
CI: glaucoma, kidney and liver diease, prostatic hypertrophy. preg. and lactating women
Differentiate occlusives from humectants
Occ: provide layer of oil on surface of skin to slow water loss and thus inc. moisture content of startum corneum
Hum: inc. water holding capacity, adding water to S corn. include glycerin and urea
At higher conc. descaling or keratolytic action by thinning the s. corn., known as peeling agents
Alpha hydroxy acids— lactic or glycolic acid
Disorder of the skin that typically consists of red scaly patches covered by silvery white scales. Approx. 2% of adults have this. What aids to be done/given?
Psoriasis
Sunshine, baths, emollients, PUVA= psolarens (photosensitizer) + UVA (UV light inh. epidermal mitosis),
occlusive dressings, hydrogel/hydrocolloids, SA, anthralin, corticosteroids and Methotrexate
