Ophtha Flashcards
1
Q
Marker of limbal stem cells
A
ABCG2
2
Q
Universal marker of stem cells
A
CD34
3
Q
Corneoscleral jn is aka
A
Limbus
4
Q
Epithelium of cornea is made up of
A
Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
5
Q
M/c collagen in Bowmans membrane
A
Type 1
6
Q
M/c Ground substance in Bowmans membrane
A
Keratin sulphate
7
Q
Most metabolically active layer of cornea
A
Endothelium
8
Q
Normal endothelial cell count
A
2400-3000 cells/mm2
9
Q
How to measure endothelial cell count
A
Specular microscopy
10
Q
Instrument used to measure corneal sensation
A
Aesthesiometer
11
Q
Micro cornea associated with..
A
Cong. Rubella syndrome
12
Q
Macro cornea associated with
A
Marfan n Down syndrome
13
Q
Instrument to measure corneal thickness
A
Pachymeter
14
Q
____measures the radius of curvature of ant. Corneal surface
A
Keratometry
15
Q
Corneal topography measured by
A
Placedo disk
16
Q
Thinnest sclera
A
Post to insertion of recti
17
Q
Thickest sclera
A
Around optic nerve
18
Q
Thinnest part of Iris
A
Root
19
Q
M/c site for TRAUMATIC DETACHMENT of Iris
A
Root
20
Q
Thickest part of Iris
A
Collarette
21
Q
Normal cup disk ratio
A
< or =to .3
22
Q
Most sensitive part of retina
A
Fovea Centralis
23
Q
Highest visual acuity seen at
A
Fovea centralis
24
Q
Point of penetration of Intravitreal inj.
A
Ant to serrata
25
Refractive index of cornea
1.376
26
Refractive Power of cornea
43 Diapter
27
Refractive power of eyeball
58.6 D
28
Blood supply of macula
Dual- Central retinal Artery n cilioretinal artery
29
Central retinal artery supplies
Inner 6 layers and macula
30
Outer 4 layers of the retina are supplied by..
Short branch of Post. Ciliary artery
31
Refractive index of lens nucleus
1.406 (Highest RI of eye)
32
RI of lens cortex
1.386
33
Munson sign seen in
Keratoconus
34
Gold standard diagnostic method for keratoconus
Corneal topography using Placedo disk
35
TOC for Keratoconus
C3R/CCC
36
MCC of bac. Corneal ulcer Worldwide
Staph. Aureus
37
MCC of Bac. Corneal ulcer in India
Strep. Pneumoniae/pneumococcus
38
MCC of bac. Corneal ulcer in Contact lens users
Pseudomonas
39
What causes cracked windshield ulcer??
Post LASIK Surgery
40
Pin head ulcer/ Wreath pattern
Nocardia
41
Bac. which invade intact corneal epithelium
```
GIrLS Cornea
G-Neisseria gonorrhoea/ Meningitidis
I-Influenzae Haemophilous
L- Listeria
S- Shigella
Cornea- Cornybacteriuum diphtheriae
```
42
MCC(organism) causing Fungal Corneal Ulcer
Aspergillus fumigatus
43
The Character of hypopion in bac. and Fungal corneal ulcer
Bac.-sterile & mobile
| Fungal- Non sterile & Immobile
44
C/F of Fungal corneal ulcer
```
RED FISH
R- Rolled out edges
E- Everted
D- Dry looking
F- Feathery Margin
I- Immune ring of Wesley
S- Satellite Lesions
H- Hypopion
```
45
Organism causing Viral corneal ulcer
HSV-keratitis
46
T/t of Disciform keratitis
Acyclovir+steroids
47
Investigation of Acanthamoeba keratitis
Non nutrient agar enriched with e coli
48
T/t of Acanthamoeba keratitis
PHMB 0.02%
| Polyhexamethylenebiguanide
49
Storage media for preserving cornea
| For 48h, 2 weeks ,35 days
+4 degree moist chamber
Mac karry kauffman media
Cryopreservation at -700 degree
50
Sunflower cataract seen in
Wilson disease + Chalcosis
51
Snowflake cataract ?
Hyperglycemia related activation of sorbitol of sorbitol pathway.
52
Which cataract causes more loss of vision in daylight?
Nuclear cataract
53
Which cataract causes more loss of vision in dimlight
Cortical cataract
54
Earliest sign of cortical cataract
Formation of vacuoles + water cleft
55
Which cataract causes max.visual loss?
Cupuliform/PSC Cataract
56
Which cataract is diagnosed with reducing sugars in urine?
Galactosemia
57
The only reversible cataract is
Galactosemia asso. Cataract
58
Which is the oil droplet cataract
Galactosemia
59
Cataract occurs due to IR rays.. is..
Glans blower cataract
60
Causes of Complicated Cataract
```
RAMU
R-Retinitis Pigmentosa
A-Angle closure Glaucoma
M—Myopia (high)
U- Uveitis (MCC)
```
61
In which surgery we incise a 2.2-3.2mm deep incision
Phacoemulsification
62
Wavelength of FLACS
1053nm
63
M/c used formula for calculating IOL
SRK 2
64
Best site for IOL Implantation
Ciliary bag
65
By which material, Anterior chamber IOL is made of
PMMA
| PolyMethyleneMethAcrylase
66
PCIOL is made of which material
Rigid-PMMA
| Foldable-Acrylic, Collamer(HEXA), Silicon
67
M/c complication of cataract surgery
After cataract or Post capsular opacification
68
Types of complication of cat. Sx
ELSCHNIG Pearls
| Ring of sommering
69
Tx of complication of cat.sx
ND:YAG Laser capsulotomy
Wavelength: 1064nm
70
MCC in Acute post op Endophthalmitis
Staph.epidermidis
71
M/c cause of Late onset post op Endophthalmitis
Propionibacterium Acnes
72
Hallmark of Endophthalmitis
Amarotic cat eye reflex or leucokoria (white pupillary reflex)
73
T/t of Endophthalmitis if vision prsnt
Vancomycin + Ceftazidime
74
What should be administered prior to surgery of cataract to avoid Endophthalmitis
Povidone iodine(5%)
75
Severe loss of vision is seen in which congenital cataract
Primary congenital cataract
76
Most common congenital cataract overall
Blue dot cataract
77
Treatment of the congenital cataract
Lens aspiration + anterior vitrectomy + posterior capsulotomy + IOL implantation
78
What are the causes of Ectopia Lents
```
Most common-blunt trauma
Hyper mature senile cataract
Familial autosomal dominant
ANIRIDIA
MARFAN SYNDROME:Most commin syndromic asso. with syndromic cause
```
79
Direction of Ectopic Lents
Superotemporal
80
What is the direction of the lens displacement in Ectopic lents
Superotemporal
81
Direction of displacement of lens in familial homocystinuria
Inferonasal
82
Causes of anterior lenticonus
Spina bifid
Albort syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome
83
What are the causes of posterior lenticonus
LOWE Syndrome
84
what are the structures which can be appreciated from posterior to anterior when doing a gonioscopy
```
Cant see this stuff
Ciliary body band
Scleral Spur
TM
Schwallor’s line
```
85
Frequent changes in the presbyopic glasses is seen in
POAG aka Simple closure glaucoma
86
Frequent changes in the myopic glasses is seen in
Cataract
87
Genes for POAG
Optineurin
| Myoc
88
Byonetting sign
Double angulation of BV in eyes
89
Clinically significant VFD
Paracentral scotoma
90
Which all class of drugs we are using for the POAG
Prostaglandin Analogues
Beta blockers
Alpha Agonist
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
91
Which class of drugs causes eyelid retraction
Alpha agonist
92
What class of drug is contraindicated in children less than two years for POAG
Alpha Agonist
93
The drugs which is not given topically for POAG
Acetazolamide
94
C/I in sulfa allergy
Brinzolamide
| Dorzolamide
95
Surgical treatment for POAG
Trabeculectomy
96
Which test is used to differentiate the halos between cataract and glaucoma
Fincham test
97
Earliest symptom of cong.glaucoma
Photophobia
98
Most common symptom of cong. Glaucoma
Lacrimation
99
Cause of Malignant glaucoma
Due to incisional surgery, Laser Sx for Glaucoma or Cataract
100
Most common manifestation in blunt trauma
Hyphema
101
What change pupil will have more blunt trauma
IRIDODIALYSIS
| IRIDODONESIS
102
What change can be appreciated while having a blunt trauma in lens
Ectopia lentis
Rosette shaped cataract
Vossius ring
103
Posterior segment, what change in blunt trauma
Berlins edema
| Cherry red spots
104
Blow out #
Floor of Orbit
| Xray-tear drop sign in antrum
105
Orbital Roof #
Panda/raccoon eye
106
Which instrument measures proptosis
Hertol’s Exophthalmometer
107
MCC of proptosis in adults
U/L or B/L Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy
108
MCC of proptosis in children
U/L Orbital cellulitis
| B/L Neuroblastoma
109
Staring appearance
KOCHER’S SIGN
110
Lid lag in Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy shows what sign
VONGRAEFFE
111
Most common clinical feature of Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy
Lid retraction aka DALRYMPLE Sign
112
Deep AC glaucoma is seen in
Young ,myopic
113
Shallow AC Glaucoma seen in
Elderly, female, hypermetropic
114
Investigation of retina
```
Ophthalmoloscopy
B-Scan USG
OCT(Optical coherence Tomography)
FFA(Fundus fluorescence Angiography)
ERG
```
115
Increased levels of HbA1c is seen in
Diabetic retinopathy
116
Earliest change of Diabetic retinopathy
Loss of pericytes
117
Hallmark of diabetic retinopathy
Neovascularisation of retina
118
TOC of Diabetic retinopathy
PRP-Pan Retinal Photocoagulation
119
Anti-VEGF Drugs
Ranibizumab
Bevacizumab
Aflibucept
120
Which is the most common cause of LOV in NPDR
Diabetic Macular Edema
121
MCC of LOV in PDR
Vitreous hemorrhage
122
MCC of blindness in DR
Retinal Detachment
123
Tomato ketchup appearance seen in
CRVO Ischemic
124
Hollenhorst plaque seen in
CRAO
125
Cherry Red spot seen in
CRAO
126
Cattle trucking appearance seen in
CRAO
127
Box carrying appearance seen in
CRAO
128
Disorders which we can see Cherry Red Spots
```
CHERRY TREES NEVER GROW TALL IN SAND AND GARDEN
CRAO
Trauma(blunt)
Neimann pick disease
Gangliosidosis
Taysach disease
Sandhaff’s disease
Gaucher’s disease
```
129
Treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Pars plana vitreostomy
+silicone oil in vitreous cavity
SF6/C3F8 (Gases)
Procedure called Pneumatic retinopaxy
130
Which is known as the Dangerous area of eye
Ciliary body
131
Sympathetic ophthalmitis occurs in
Non-traumatic eye
132
M/c presentation of ocular HIV
HIV Retinopathy
133
Earliest sign of ocular HIV
Cotton wool spots
134
MC asso. Tumorof ocular HIV
Kaposi Sarcoma
135
MC oppurtunistic infection of eye
CMV Retinitis
136
MC IO malignancy in children
Choroid melanoma
137
Origin and Insertion of EOMuscle
O: Common tendinous ring aka annulus of zinn
I: On sclera in front of equator at varying degrees
138
What enables binocular vision?
Simultaneous perception
Proper fusion
Stereopsis
139
Pizza pie appearance seen in
Ocular HIV
140
Collar stud appearance/ mushroom shape
CHOROID Melanoma
141
Vol. of eyeball
6ml
142
True basement membrane of eye
Internal limiting membrane of retina
143
Nerve supply of cornea
TON
Trigeminal
Ophthalmic
Nasociliary
144
Normal power of lens
16-190D
145
Near reflex is attained with the help of 3 components..what r dey??
Accomodation-Ciliary Muscle
Convergence-Medial Rectus
Miosis-Sphincter pupillae
146
Near reflex regulated by which nerve
3rd
147
Which side neuroretinal rim is broadest
Inferior
148
Diameter of Macula & optic disc
5.5 , 1.5 mm
149
Pigments of Macula lutea
Carotenoids
Lutein
Zeaxanthin
150
MCC of Bac.corneal ulcer in POST LASIK SURGERY
Atypical Mycobacterium
151
Bacteria which mimics fungal corneal ulcer
Nocardia
152
Which ulcer is caused by the 5th cranial nerve palsy
Neurotrophic/ Metaherpectic ulcer
