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FMGE > Ophtha > Flashcards

Ophtha Flashcards

1
Q

Marker of limbal stem cells

A

ABCG2

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2
Q

Universal marker of stem cells

A

CD34

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3
Q

Corneoscleral jn is aka

A

Limbus

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4
Q

Epithelium of cornea is made up of

A

Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

M/c collagen in Bowmans membrane

A

Type 1

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6
Q

M/c Ground substance in Bowmans membrane

A

Keratin sulphate

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7
Q

Most metabolically active layer of cornea

A

Endothelium

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8
Q

Normal endothelial cell count

A

2400-3000 cells/mm2

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9
Q

How to measure endothelial cell count

A

Specular microscopy

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10
Q

Instrument used to measure corneal sensation

A

Aesthesiometer

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11
Q

Micro cornea associated with..

A

Cong. Rubella syndrome

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12
Q

Macro cornea associated with

A

Marfan n Down syndrome

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13
Q

Instrument to measure corneal thickness

A

Pachymeter

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14
Q

____measures the radius of curvature of ant. Corneal surface

A

Keratometry

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15
Q

Corneal topography measured by

A

Placedo disk

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16
Q

Thinnest sclera

A

Post to insertion of recti

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17
Q

Thickest sclera

A

Around optic nerve

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18
Q

Thinnest part of Iris

A

Root

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19
Q

M/c site for TRAUMATIC DETACHMENT of Iris

A

Root

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20
Q

Thickest part of Iris

A

Collarette

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21
Q

Normal cup disk ratio

A

< or =to .3

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22
Q

Most sensitive part of retina

A

Fovea Centralis

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23
Q

Highest visual acuity seen at

A

Fovea centralis

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24
Q

Point of penetration of Intravitreal inj.

A

Ant to serrata

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25
Q

Refractive index of cornea

A

1.376

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26
Q

Refractive Power of cornea

A

43 Diapter

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27
Q

Refractive power of eyeball

A

58.6 D

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28
Q

Blood supply of macula

A

Dual- Central retinal Artery n cilioretinal artery

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29
Q

Central retinal artery supplies

A

Inner 6 layers and macula

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30
Q

Outer 4 layers of the retina are supplied by..

A

Short branch of Post. Ciliary artery

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31
Q

Refractive index of lens nucleus

A

1.406 (Highest RI of eye)

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32
Q

RI of lens cortex

A

1.386

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33
Q

Munson sign seen in

A

Keratoconus

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34
Q

Gold standard diagnostic method for keratoconus

A

Corneal topography using Placedo disk

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35
Q

TOC for Keratoconus

A

C3R/CCC

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36
Q

MCC of bac. Corneal ulcer Worldwide

A

Staph. Aureus

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37
Q

MCC of Bac. Corneal ulcer in India

A

Strep. Pneumoniae/pneumococcus

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38
Q

MCC of bac. Corneal ulcer in Contact lens users

A

Pseudomonas

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39
Q

What causes cracked windshield ulcer??

A

Post LASIK Surgery

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40
Q

Pin head ulcer/ Wreath pattern

A

Nocardia

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41
Q

Bac. which invade intact corneal epithelium

A 
GIrLS Cornea
G-Neisseria gonorrhoea/ Meningitidis
I-Influenzae Haemophilous
L- Listeria
S- Shigella
Cornea- Cornybacteriuum diphtheriae
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42
Q

MCC(organism) causing Fungal Corneal Ulcer

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

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43
Q

The Character of hypopion in bac. and Fungal corneal ulcer

A

Bac.-sterile & mobile

Fungal- Non sterile & Immobile

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44
Q

C/F of Fungal corneal ulcer

A 
RED FISH
R- Rolled out edges
E- Everted
D- Dry looking
F- Feathery Margin
I- Immune ring of Wesley
S- Satellite Lesions
H- Hypopion
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45
Q

Organism causing Viral corneal ulcer

A

HSV-keratitis

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46
Q

T/t of Disciform keratitis

A

Acyclovir+steroids

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47
Q

Investigation of Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

Non nutrient agar enriched with e coli

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48
Q

T/t of Acanthamoeba keratitis

A

PHMB 0.02%

Polyhexamethylenebiguanide

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49
Q

Storage media for preserving cornea

For 48h, 2 weeks ,35 days

A

+4 degree moist chamber
Mac karry kauffman media
Cryopreservation at -700 degree

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50
Q

Sunflower cataract seen in

A

Wilson disease + Chalcosis

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51
Q

Snowflake cataract ?

A

Hyperglycemia related activation of sorbitol of sorbitol pathway.

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52
Q

Which cataract causes more loss of vision in daylight?

A

Nuclear cataract

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53
Q

Which cataract causes more loss of vision in dimlight

A

Cortical cataract

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54
Q

Earliest sign of cortical cataract

A

Formation of vacuoles + water cleft

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55
Q

Which cataract causes max.visual loss?

A

Cupuliform/PSC Cataract

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56
Q

Which cataract is diagnosed with reducing sugars in urine?

A

Galactosemia

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57
Q

The only reversible cataract is

A

Galactosemia asso. Cataract

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58
Q

Which is the oil droplet cataract

A

Galactosemia

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59
Q

Cataract occurs due to IR rays.. is..

A

Glans blower cataract

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60
Q

Causes of Complicated Cataract

A 
RAMU
R-Retinitis Pigmentosa
A-Angle closure Glaucoma
M—Myopia (high)
U- Uveitis (MCC)
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61
Q

In which surgery we incise a 2.2-3.2mm deep incision

A

Phacoemulsification

62
Q

Wavelength of FLACS

63
Q

M/c used formula for calculating IOL

64
Q

Best site for IOL Implantation

A

Ciliary bag

65
Q

By which material, Anterior chamber IOL is made of

A

PMMA

PolyMethyleneMethAcrylase

66
Q

PCIOL is made of which material

A

Rigid-PMMA

Foldable-Acrylic, Collamer(HEXA), Silicon

67
Q

M/c complication of cataract surgery

A

After cataract or Post capsular opacification

68
Q

Types of complication of cat. Sx

A

ELSCHNIG Pearls

Ring of sommering

69
Q

Tx of complication of cat.sx

A

ND:YAG Laser capsulotomy
Wavelength: 1064nm

70
Q

MCC in Acute post op Endophthalmitis

A

Staph.epidermidis

71
Q

M/c cause of Late onset post op Endophthalmitis

A

Propionibacterium Acnes

72
Q

Hallmark of Endophthalmitis

A

Amarotic cat eye reflex or leucokoria (white pupillary reflex)

73
Q

T/t of Endophthalmitis if vision prsnt

A

Vancomycin + Ceftazidime

74
Q

What should be administered prior to surgery of cataract to avoid Endophthalmitis

A

Povidone iodine(5%)

75
Q

Severe loss of vision is seen in which congenital cataract

A

Primary congenital cataract

76
Q

Most common congenital cataract overall

A

Blue dot cataract

77
Q

Treatment of the congenital cataract

A

Lens aspiration + anterior vitrectomy + posterior capsulotomy + IOL implantation

78
Q

What are the causes of Ectopia Lents

A 
Most common-blunt trauma
Hyper mature senile cataract
Familial autosomal dominant
ANIRIDIA
MARFAN SYNDROME:Most commin syndromic asso. with syndromic cause
79
Q

Direction of Ectopic Lents

A

Superotemporal

80
Q

What is the direction of the lens displacement in Ectopic lents

A

Superotemporal

81
Q

Direction of displacement of lens in familial homocystinuria

A

Inferonasal

82
Q

Causes of anterior lenticonus

A

Spina bifid
Albort syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome

83
Q

What are the causes of posterior lenticonus

A

LOWE Syndrome

84
Q

what are the structures which can be appreciated from posterior to anterior when doing a gonioscopy

A 
Cant see this stuff
Ciliary body band
Scleral Spur
TM
Schwallor’s line
85
Q

Frequent changes in the presbyopic glasses is seen in

A

POAG aka Simple closure glaucoma

86
Q

Frequent changes in the myopic glasses is seen in

87
Q

Genes for POAG

A

Optineurin

Myoc

88
Q

Byonetting sign

A

Double angulation of BV in eyes

89
Q

Clinically significant VFD

A

Paracentral scotoma

90
Q

Which all class of drugs we are using for the POAG

A

Prostaglandin Analogues
Beta blockers
Alpha Agonist
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

91
Q

Which class of drugs causes eyelid retraction

A

Alpha agonist

92
Q

What class of drug is contraindicated in children less than two years for POAG

A

Alpha Agonist

93
Q

The drugs which is not given topically for POAG

A

Acetazolamide

94
Q

C/I in sulfa allergy

A

Brinzolamide

Dorzolamide

95
Q

Surgical treatment for POAG

A

Trabeculectomy

96
Q

Which test is used to differentiate the halos between cataract and glaucoma

A

Fincham test

97
Q

Earliest symptom of cong.glaucoma

A

Photophobia

98
Q

Most common symptom of cong. Glaucoma

A

Lacrimation

99
Q

Cause of Malignant glaucoma

A

Due to incisional surgery, Laser Sx for Glaucoma or Cataract

100
Q

Most common manifestation in blunt trauma

101
Q

What change pupil will have more blunt trauma

A

IRIDODIALYSIS

IRIDODONESIS

102
Q

What change can be appreciated while having a blunt trauma in lens

A

Ectopia lentis
Rosette shaped cataract
Vossius ring

103
Q

Posterior segment, what change in blunt trauma

A

Berlins edema

Cherry red spots

104
Q

Blow out #

A

Floor of Orbit

Xray-tear drop sign in antrum

105
Q

Orbital Roof #

A

Panda/raccoon eye

106
Q

Which instrument measures proptosis

A

Hertol’s Exophthalmometer

107
Q

MCC of proptosis in adults

A

U/L or B/L Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy

108
Q

MCC of proptosis in children

A

U/L Orbital cellulitis

B/L Neuroblastoma

109
Q

Staring appearance

A

KOCHER’S SIGN

110
Q

Lid lag in Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy shows what sign

A

VONGRAEFFE

111
Q

Most common clinical feature of Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy

A

Lid retraction aka DALRYMPLE Sign

112
Q

Deep AC glaucoma is seen in

A

Young ,myopic

113
Q

Shallow AC Glaucoma seen in

A

Elderly, female, hypermetropic

114
Q

Investigation of retina

A 
Ophthalmoloscopy
B-Scan USG
OCT(Optical coherence Tomography)
FFA(Fundus fluorescence Angiography)
ERG
115
Q

Increased levels of HbA1c is seen in

A

Diabetic retinopathy

116
Q

Earliest change of Diabetic retinopathy

A

Loss of pericytes

117
Q

Hallmark of diabetic retinopathy

A

Neovascularisation of retina

118
Q

TOC of Diabetic retinopathy

A

PRP-Pan Retinal Photocoagulation

119
Q

Anti-VEGF Drugs

A

Ranibizumab
Bevacizumab
Aflibucept

120
Q

Which is the most common cause of LOV in NPDR

A

Diabetic Macular Edema

121
Q

MCC of LOV in PDR

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

122
Q

MCC of blindness in DR

A

Retinal Detachment

123
Q

Tomato ketchup appearance seen in

A

CRVO Ischemic

124
Q

Hollenhorst plaque seen in

125
Q

Cherry Red spot seen in

126
Q

Cattle trucking appearance seen in

127
Q

Box carrying appearance seen in

128
Q

Disorders which we can see Cherry Red Spots

A 
CHERRY TREES NEVER GROW TALL IN SAND AND GARDEN
CRAO
Trauma(blunt)
Neimann pick disease
Gangliosidosis
Taysach disease
Sandhaff’s disease
Gaucher’s disease
129
Q

Treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

A

Pars plana vitreostomy
+silicone oil in vitreous cavity
SF6/C3F8 (Gases)
Procedure called Pneumatic retinopaxy

130
Q

Which is known as the Dangerous area of eye

A

Ciliary body

131
Q

Sympathetic ophthalmitis occurs in

A

Non-traumatic eye

132
Q

M/c presentation of ocular HIV

A

HIV Retinopathy

133
Q

Earliest sign of ocular HIV

A

Cotton wool spots

134
Q

MC asso. Tumorof ocular HIV

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

135
Q

MC oppurtunistic infection of eye

A

CMV Retinitis

136
Q

MC IO malignancy in children

A

Choroid melanoma

137
Q

Origin and Insertion of EOMuscle

A

O: Common tendinous ring aka annulus of zinn
I: On sclera in front of equator at varying degrees

138
Q

What enables binocular vision?

A

Simultaneous perception
Proper fusion
Stereopsis

139
Q

Pizza pie appearance seen in

A

Ocular HIV

140
Q

Collar stud appearance/ mushroom shape

A

CHOROID Melanoma

141
Q

Vol. of eyeball

142
Q

True basement membrane of eye

A

Internal limiting membrane of retina

143
Q

Nerve supply of cornea

A

TON
Trigeminal
Ophthalmic
Nasociliary

144
Q

Normal power of lens

145
Q

Near reflex is attained with the help of 3 components..what r dey??

A

Accomodation-Ciliary Muscle
Convergence-Medial Rectus
Miosis-Sphincter pupillae

146
Q

Near reflex regulated by which nerve

147
Q

Which side neuroretinal rim is broadest

148
Q

Diameter of Macula & optic disc

A

5.5 , 1.5 mm

149
Q

Pigments of Macula lutea

A

Carotenoids
Lutein
Zeaxanthin

150
Q

MCC of Bac.corneal ulcer in POST LASIK SURGERY

A

Atypical Mycobacterium

151
Q

Bacteria which mimics fungal corneal ulcer

152
Q

Which ulcer is caused by the 5th cranial nerve palsy

A

Neurotrophic/ Metaherpectic ulcer

FMGE (8 decks)

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