Operation Of Systems Flashcards
How does a constant speed propeller differ on a multi engine versus a single engine?
The constant-speed propellers on almost all single-engine airplanes are of the non-feathering, oil-pressure-to-increase-pitch design. Increased oil pressure from the propeller governor drives the blade angle towards high pitch, low rpm.
The constant-speed propellers installed on most multiengine airplanes are full feathering, counterweighted, oil-pressure-to-decrease-pitch designs. In this design, increased oil pressure from the propeller governor drives the blade angle toward low pitch, high rpm—away from the feather blade angle. In effect, the only thing that keeps these propellers from feathering is a constant supply of high-pressure engine oil.
Why do full feathering constant speed propellers have counterweights?
Aerodynamic forces acting upon a windmilling propeller tend to drive the blades to low pitch, high rpm. Counterweights attached to the shank of each blade tend to force the blades to high pitch, low rpm. Inertia, or the apparent force (called centrifugal force) acting through the counterweights, is generally slightly greater than the aerodynamic forces. Therefore, centrifugal force would drive the blades to high pitch and low rpm were it not for an additional force acting through the propeller governor.
What is an unfeathering accumulator?
An unfeathering accumulator is a device that permits starting a feathered engine in-flight without the use of the electric starter. An accumulator is any device that stores a reserve of high pressure. On multiengine airplanes, the unfeathering accumulator stores a small reserve of engine oil under pressure from compressed air or nitrogen.
How does an unfeathering accumulator work?
To start a feathered engine in-flight, the pilot moves the propeller control out of the feather position to release the accumulator pressure. The oil flows under pressure to the propeller hub and drives the blades toward the high rpm, low pitch position, whereupon the propeller usually begins to windmill. If fuel and ignition are present, the engine starts and runs. High oil pressure from the propeller governor recharges the accumulator just moments after engine rotation begins making it available for another unfeathering cycle, if needed.
What is a combustion heater?
A combustion heater is best described as a small furnace that burns gasoline to produce heated air for occupant comfort and windshield defogging. Most are thermostatically operated and have a separate hour meter to record time in service for maintenance purposes.
How are the control surfaces operated?
The control surfaces are bearing supported and operated through conventional cable systems and push-pull rods terminating in bell cranks
What is the control column?
The airplane is equipped with dual control columns for the pilot and copilot. The control wheels are interconnected and provide aileron and elevator control.
What are the ways you can adjust trim in the airplane?
Manual Elevator Trim - actuated by a hand wheel located between the pilot seats
Electric Elevator Trim - controlled by the ON-OFF circuit breaker type switch located on the left sub panel and a thumb switch located on the pilots control wheel.
The Trim tabs and controls are connected through closed cable systems.
Describe Aileron trim.
Located on the lower center console, provided to displace the ailerons for trimming purposes, displacement is maintained by cable loads imposed by the trimmer.
What is the minimum wing tip turning radius on the ground?
27 feet 2 inches, accomplished by using full steering, one brake, and differential power
How are the wing flaps controlled?
A three position switch, UP, OFF, and DOWN. Must be pulled out of detent before it can be used.
What is the type and material for the landing gear system?
A retractable tricycle landing gear fabricated from magnesium coatings and aluminum forgings.
What are the hydraulic components of the landing gear system?
Hydraulic Pump
Actuators
Reservoir
Lines
Control Valves
Pressure Switches and Relief Valves
Gear postion sensors
Which directions can the landing gear be manually moved?
It can only be lowered manually in the event of a failure.
What micro switches enable the warning horn to sound?
If either or both throttles are retarded below an engine setting sufficient to sustain flight and the landing gear is retracted
If the flaps are extended beyond approximately 16, the landing gear warning horn will sound.
If the gear up position is selected when on the ground
What is the purpose of the safety retraction switch?
To prevent inadvertent retraction of the landing gear on the ground.
How does the safety retraction switch work?
A safety pressure switch is installed in the pitot system to deactivate the hydraulic pressure pump circuit when the impact air pressure is below 59 to 63 knots
How is a pilot able to silence the warning horn?
An optional gear warning horn silence button allows the pilot to manually silence the warning horn, located next to the landing gear control switch with a placard reading “GEAR HORN SILENCE” a red light in the button illuminates when the horn silence system is activated.
What are the ways you can reset the warning horn?
By simply pressing the button
Re-advancing the throttle
When the landing gear is lowered
Describe the Emergency extension system.
Landing gear can be manually extended by turning the hydraulic pressure bypass valve 90 degrees clockwise. When the systems pressure is released the gear will fall into the down and locked position.
Where is the Emergency Extension located?
The bypass valve is located under the access door on the floor in front of the of the pilots seat.
What is the manifold pressure gage?
The dual indicating gage indicates the pressure of the fuel/air mixture entering the engine cylinders of each engine, and is calibrated in inches of mercury
Maximum Slip duration
30 seconds
What is the oil minimum in each engine?
5 qts
What do Cowl Flaps do?
They allow the amount of engine cooling air to be controlled to maintain a desired cylinder head temperature
Maximum Oil Temp
245 F
Maximum Cylinder Head Temp
500 F
Minimum Oil Pressure (idle)
25 psi
Minimum Oil Pressure
100 psi
Minimum Fuel Pressure
0.5 psi
Maximum Fuel Pressure
8.0 psi
How much fuel is in each tank?
51.5
50 useable
Describe the fuel pumps
There are two engine driven and two electrically driven auxiliary fuel pumps. The electric fuel pumps are used for engine start, takeoff, landing and fuel selector changes. The fuel selector remains in the on position during normal operations, with each tank feeding its respective engine.
Can fuel be transferred from tank to tank?
No, however, either tank may feed both engines in crossfeed mode and should only be used during emergency conditions in straight flight only
The cabin heater is
Located in the nose compartment and uses 2/3 gallons per hour from the right fuel system only
How much fuel must be present in each wing tank prior to flight (min)
9 gal in each wing
If you would want the left engine to use the right tanks fuel what would you do and what would you expect?
utilizing the cross-feed system you would set the left engine to the cross feed mode which would trigger a relay to open a valve and allow fuel from the right tank to go through the left engines cross-feed exclusive fuel lines.
Fuel from the Cap to bottom Tab is?
30gal (28.5 usable)
Fuel from the Cap to Mid mark is?
40g (38.5 usable)
