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Fixed Wing > Operation of Systems > Flashcards

Operation of Systems Flashcards

1
Q

primary flight controls are…

A

Rudder, Elevator, Ailerons

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2
Q

How are aileron, rudder, elevator operated

A

Aileron / elevator - control rods
rudder - controlled by cable

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3
Q

What type of ailerons are used

A

Frise Style (paddle thing on edge helps create drag)

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4
Q

secondary flight controls are…

A

Trim, flaps

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5
Q

how are flaps operated and what type are used

A

operated through control rods; electrically operated

plain / split - plain no gap between flap and wing / split flap is split

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6
Q

describe the powerplant / engine

A

Lycoming IO - 360 M1A (fuel injected)
Horizontally opposed
Air cooled
Naturally aspirated - atmospheric pressure used for combustion (not turbocharged or supercharged)
Direct drive constant speed prop

180 horse power at 2700 RPM at sea level

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7
Q

max oil and min oil

A

max 8 qrts
min 4 qrts (VFR)
6 qrts (IFR)

Phillips XC 20W50

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8
Q

discuss the magnetos

A

2 engine driven magnetos provide current to spark plugs

Engine cylinder had 2 spark plugs powered by magneto

a. loss of 20% of normal engine power
b. if magneto doesn’t drop P-Lead is inop (grounds magneto)
c. Clean fouled spark plug

i. Lean engine to max power then reattempt magneto check

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9
Q

Talk about the landing gear

A

Fixed tricycle

2 back mains; sprung steel struts
6 inches / 36 psi

free catering nose wheel; sprung by an elastomer package
5 inches / 29 psi

brakes
hydraulically operated disk brakes
parking break - multiple operation of toe brakes to build pressure

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10
Q

Talk about the fuel system

A

2 x 25.5 gallon tanks
2 x .5 unusable
100 LL / Blue

3 chamber tanks flow from filler down the wing

smallest is at fuel filler

8 gallon imbalance max

G1000 has 30 minute timer for tank swap

indicated in 5 gallon increments up to 25 on each side

16-19 not gauged

pointer remains at 16 gallons until engaged fuel has been consumed

fuel calculator - subtracts fuel flowed into engine from value entered by pilot

low fuel displays at 3 gallons

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11
Q

discuss the fuel pumps

A

1 engine driven fuel pump - delivers fuel under pressure to fuel injection system

1 electrically driven auxiliary fuel pump is provided back up to engine drive pump
i. Turned on for: engine start, takeoff & landing, switching tanks, suspected vapor lock, suspected engine driven fuel pump failure

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12
Q

Discuss the electrical system

A

28 volt DC electrical system
powered by 24 volt, 11 amp-hour, lead acid battery and
a 70 amp engine driven alternator connected via a belt

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13
Q

what are circuit breakers for

A

help with overload protection

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14
Q

what are fuses for

A

hobbs meter, pilot side overhead light, auxiliary power plug

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15
Q

how many electrical busses are pilot controlled

A

3: Main Bus (BAT Master), Essential Bus (ESS BUS), Avionics Bus (Avionics Master)

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16
Q

avionics master connects ….

A

avionics master connects electrical power to avionics bus from main bus

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17
Q

when is essential bus used

A

essential bus only used during alternator out situations power provided to minimum essential for safety of flight systems
i. WARNING ALT FAIL – attempt to reset alt master switch if doesn’t work turn on essential bus

18
Q

horizon emergency switch controls…

A

Horizon emergency switch – controls an independent battery pack
i. Provides 90 minutes of power to back up attitude gyro and glare shield flood light
ii. Used when main battery no longer powerful to power PFD and AHRS.

19
Q

Line replaceable units are located….

A

Line-replaceable units located behind instrument panel and others behind baggage compartment

20
Q

power provided to main bus by …

A

battery until engine is running and alt master is turned on

21
Q

Display unit…

A

GDU 1040

Screens
Primary Flight Display
Multi Function Display

22
Q

Audio Panel…

A

GM 1347

one audio panel behind PFD and MFD

Controls audio output for NAV, COM, and intercom

23
Q

Nav-Com - GPS

A

GIA 63

2 units mounted rear avionics rack - independent GPS receiver, VHF comms transceiver, VOR navigation receiver

24
Q

Air Data Computer…

A

GDC 74A

mounted near firewall, connected to pitot/static system

provides: OAT, airspeed, true airspeed, PA, vertical speed

25
Q

Data Link Receiver…

A

GDL 69

Located in rear avionics rack
1. Provides reception for XM weather data and radio displays information is controlled through G1000 Map audio controlled through AUX pages

26
Q

Attitude heading reference system…

A

GRS 77

i. Provides flight characteristics information to the PFD, MFD, and GIA63 units.
ii. Uses solid-state accelerometers, tilt sensors, and rate sensors to determine the aircraft’s orientation about three axes

27
Q

Magnetometer

A

1 located in right wing panel
1. Provides heading input to the GRS77 AHRS unit

28
Q

Transponder

A

1 mode S transponder mounted in rear avionics rack

29
Q

Engine Analyzer

A

GEA 71

1 mounted behind instrument panel

Receives and processes signals from al the engine and airframe sensors and provides following to GIA 63 processors:
a. Engine RPM
b. Cylinder Head Temperature for each cylinder
c. Exhaust gas temperature for each cylinder
d. Oil pressure
e. Oil temp
f. Fuel pressure
g. Fuel flow
h. Fuel quantity

30
Q

Antennae Locations

A

i. Com1 – visible, on top of the rear fuselage
ii. Com2 – visible underneath the rear fuselage
iii. VOR/LOC/GS – hidden, inside the vertical stabilizer
iv. GPS – visible, on top of the cabin, behind the canopy
v. ELT – hidden, inside the rear fuselage, behind the baggage compartment
vi. XM – visible, on to of the cabin, behind the canopy
vii. Transponder – visible, underneath the cabin
viii. Marker beacon – visible, underneath the cabin

31
Q

Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments

A

Pitot static
i. Airspeed
ii. Vertical speed
iii. Altimeter
iv. Transponder (mode-C)

Vacuum
i. AHRS
1. Attitude
2. Heading indicator

32
Q

Environmental…

A

Cabin air vents -

Cabin heat – routes fresh air over engine’s exhaust manifold and into the cabin
i. Leaks in manifold can introduce carbon monoxide into the cabin

33
Q

Deicing and anti-icing

A

Not certified for flights into known icing

Pitot heat
Defrost – defrost potential icing on windshield
Alternate air

34
Q

A governor malfunction can cause…

A

Governor malfunction – blades can move to high RPM / overspeed. Terminate flight ASA practicable

35
Q

what does the governor do

A

Propeller governor – helps control angle prop is when flying

36
Q

how does the propeller work

A

Prop blades driven to low angle of attack, high RPM by a spring inside the propeller hub.

Engine oil pressure from the engine driven propeller governor – pushes blades to high AOA, low RPM

Prop pitch adjusted by governor to maintain a selected RPM.

Governor contains flyweights that open or close a pilot valve to adjust oil volume in propeller hub. Speeder spring applies tension to to flyweight setting desired RPM controlled by blue lever.

Full level / less oil / fine pitch
Reduced lever / increased oil / coarser pitch
If oil pressure lost – prop blades go finest pitch

37
Q

how does the starter work

A

Small gear comes out and connects to big gear – must wait till prop stops to reengage

38
Q

how does the alternator work

A

belt driven - as propeller spins it spins the alternator

39
Q

where is the fuel distributor and why does it matter

A

on top of engine

fuel lines run above cylinders - can create fuel bubbles due to heat - vapor lock

40
Q

how does the engine work

A

small square port in front of fuselage brings in air for combustion

air goes through a filter

enters air box / also where alternate unfiltered air can be entered

Fuel servo unit then mixes the proper ratio between fuel and air; has throttle and mixture connectors

spring default position on mixture ant throttle is open

mixture is then injected into the cylinders

41
Q

how does cabin heat work

A

exhaust ports feed and meet at the exhaust shroud

cylinder canister / heater shroud - exhaust ports feed into / orange tube from air inlet feeds canister - ports heat air and provide cabin heat

Fixed Wing (11 decks)

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