Operating systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Operating System

A

“Collection of systems software that manages the computer. Usually supplied with the computer. Most common operating systems are Windows, Linux, Unix, MacOS, iOS.”

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2
Q

Memory Management

A

“The process of organising the flexible use of the computer’s main memory.”

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3
Q

Paging

A

“The organisation of memory into fixed-sized units, called pages. The immediate-access store is organised as a number of physical pages. The logical pages used by the SPU can be assigned by the memory management unit to any page in physical memory.”

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4
Q

Segmentation

A

“The splitting of a large program unto a number of smaller programs or segments. Each segment is a complete program that is executed separately. The function of the large program is achieved by running segments consecutively. Segmentation allows a large program to be executed on a computer with insufficient memory to store the whole program by carving up memory logically rather than physically.”

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5
Q

Virtual Memory

A

“Used when sufficient immediate-access store is not available. Part of a disk drive is allocated to be used as if it were main memory. This is very slow, and the software will attempt to use the immediate-access store if possible.”

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6
Q

Interrupt

A

“A signal generated by a source such as an input or output device or a systems software routine that causes a break in the execution of the current routine. Control passes to another routine in such a way that the original routine can be resumed after the interrupt.”

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7
Q

ISR

“Interrupt Service Routine”

A

“A software routine that hardware invokes in response to an interrupt. ISRs examine an interrupt and determine how to handle it.”

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8
Q

Scheduling

A

“The method by which central processor time is allocated in a multi-access system.”

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9
Q

RR

“Round Robin”

A

“A scheduling algorithm that deals with each user or tasks to be processed in turn.”

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10
Q

FCFS

“First Come First Serve”

A

“A scheduling algorithm that deals with each user or task in the order in which they arrive, this can be thought of as a queue.”

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11
Q

MLFQ

“Multi-Level Feedback Queue”

A

“A complex scheduling algorithm that deals with tasks based on a set of priorities and rules across different league tables, jobs in a certain table get promoted up or down their table based on these rules and can then end up in totally different tables if they relegated.”

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12
Q

SJF

“Shortest Job First”

A

“A scheduling algorithm that deals with each user or task based on the getting the smaller ones out of the way.”

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13
Q

SRT

“Shortest Remaining Time”

A

“A scheduling algorithm that deals with each user or task based on an calculating a estimated time remaking to complete.”

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14
Q

Distributed OS

A

“An operating system where the software is spread over a collection of independent, networked, communicating, and physically separate nodes.”

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15
Q

Embedded OS

A

“A highly specialised, often quite limited and cut down operating system design to fit inside a certain type of machine. For example computers in cards, tragic lights, cash machines, POS, elevators, drinks machines etc. In contrast to an operating system for a general-purpose computer, an embedded OS is typically quite limited, often running a single application. However, that single application is crucial to the device’s operation.”

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16
Q

Multi-tasking OS

A

“Any operating system designed to allow multiple users to log in and connect to it from different locations / machines at the same time. Specially designed for the sharing of resources such as files, programs or hardware (printers, scanners etc).”

17
Q

Multi-user OS

A

“Any operating system designed to allow multiple users to log in and connect to it from different locations / machines at the same time. Specially designed for the sharing of resources such as files, programs or hardware (printers, scanners etc).”

18
Q

Real Time OS

A

“An operating system intended to serve real-time application process data as it comes in, typically without buffering delays.”

19
Q

BIOS

“Basic Input / Output System”

A

“Part of the operating system that handles the input and output of the computer. It enables the operating system to use the particular features of the hardware being used.”

20
Q

Device Drivers

A

“A computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.”

21
Q

Virtual Machine

A

“An emulator of a particular computer system. Virtual machines operated based on the computer architecture and functions of a real or hypothetical computer, and their implementations may involve specialised hardware, software, or a combination of both.”

22
Q

Intermediate Code

A

“Half-way type of code which is standard across machine types. Runs on a virtual machine.”