Operant Conditioning Combined Flashcards
When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced it results in…
Operant extinction
This type of reinforcement schedule results in the fastest acquisition of a new behavior, but is also associated with rapid extinction and satiation
Continuous reinforcement (i.e., every time the response occurs)
This is the term for when a reinforcer loses its reinforcing value.
Satiation
This type of variable reinforcement schedule occurs at a set time duration, so long as the behavior occurred at least once in that time.
Fixed interval
This type of variable reinforcement schedule occurs at differing time durations, so long as the behavior occurred at least once in that time.
Variable interval
This type of variable reinforcement schedule occurs when reinforcement is provided after a set number of behavioral responses.
Fixed ratio
This type of variable reinforcement schedule occurs when reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of behavioral responses.
Variable ratio
This type of variable reinforcement schedule produces the greatest rate of responding and the greatest resistance to extinction.
Variable ratio
In operant conditioning, this term refers to a decreasing amount of reinforcement that is provided following a behavior.
Thinning
This term refers to a temporary increase in a previously reinforced behavior that can immediately occur after reinforcement is withheld.
Extinction burst
When different reinforcement schedules are concurrently provided for two or more behaviors, the rate of behavior will be proportional to the frequency of reinforcement. This is known as…
the matching law
According to Skinner, this is the term for when a behavior increases due to accidental reinforcement.
Superstitious behavior
When cues signal whether or not a behavior will be reinforced, which determines whether it will be performed, this is known as…
Stimulus control (This is a form of two-factor learning which combines operant and classical [pairing] components)
This refers to establishing a behavior by reinforcing successive approximations to that behavior
Shaping
note: only the final behavior is important
This refers to establishing a complex pattern of behaviors that is made up of numerous individual responses linked together.
Chaining
note: this is a collection of individual responses
This refers to when a preferred behavior is used to reinforce and increase a low-frequency behavior.
Premack principle
e.g., “No dessert until you eat your peas.”
This is a type of positive punishment that requires the person to correct the consequences of their misbehavior (restitution) and/or practice alternative and more appropriate behavior (positive practice)
Overcorrection
This is a type of negative punishment that removes all opportunities for reinforcement for a brief period of time.
Time out
This is a type of negative punishment that involves withdrawing a desirable activity or other reinforcer.
Response cost
("Ten points from Gryffindor!")This operant intervention (which combines extinction with positive reinforcement) involves removing reinforcement of an undesirable behavior while reinforcing a specific, alternate behavior.
Differential reinforcement of alternate behavior (DRA)
This operant intervention (which combines extinction with positive reinforcement) involves removing reinforcement of an undesirable behavior while reinforcing engaging in unspecified other behaviors.
Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO)
This operant intervention (which combines extinction with positive reinforcement) involves removing reinforcement of an undesirable behavior while reinforcing an incompatible behavior that can’t be performed simultaneously.
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
This operant intervention (which combines extinction with positive reinforcement) involves reinforcing only when the behavior occurs at lower rates.
Differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL)
This refers to the effects of changing a reinforcement schedule for one behavioral response when compared to the reinforcement of another response when the reinforcement of the second response remains unchanged.
Behavioral contrast
This the result of matching law
This type of reinforcer is inherently reinforcing due to it fulfilling basic survival needs.
Primary reinforcer
This type of positive reinforcer are neutral stimuli that become reinforcing because of their association with primary reinforcers.
Secondary reinforcer (e.g., praise)
When secondary reinforcers are associated with a variety of back-up (primary) reinforcers, they are referred to as _____?
Generalized reinforcers (also known as generalized secondary reinforcers)
Money is an example, as it can be exchanged for goods and services.
This is the result of two-factor learning and occurs when a stimulus signals that an unpleasant stimulus is about to be applied and a behavior occurs because it allows the individual to avoid the unpleasant stimulus.
Avoidance conditioning
This refers generally to the gradual decline in the frequency or magnitude of a response. In operant conditioning, it’s considered a reason that punishment isn’t useful for long-term behavior change.
Habituation
Gradually removing a prompt once the behavior is at the desired level is referred to as _____.
Fading
In some situations, providing reinforcement for a specific behavior not only increases that behavior but also increases the likelihood that similar behaviors will occur. This is called _____?
Response Generalization
This occurs when stimuli similar to the positive discriminative (conditioned) stimulus elicit the same response. This is the same name in both classical and operant conditioning.
Stimulus generalization
This theory holds that behaviors which are followed by satisfying consequences are likely to occur again, while behaviors that are followed by dissatisfying consequences are less likely to be repeated.
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
