Operant Conditioning Flashcards
law of effect
response is automatically strengthened when followed by reinforcement (“satisfying state of affairs”); automatically weakened when followed by punishment (“annoying state of affairs”)
operant conditioning
reinforcement depends on response
classical conditioning
reinforcement (US) comes regardless
Operant response is…
emitted and voluntary.
Classical conditioning response is…
elicited and involuntary.
In operant conditioning, a…
behavior is learned.
In classical conditioning, a…
signal is learned (CS->US).
Operant conditioning is learned through…
law of effect: Consequences (delay of reinforcement weakens response).
Classical conditioning is learned through…
contiguity.
Referred to as “conditioning” because…
changing the conditions changes response frequency; not under conscious control even though voluntary.
reinforcement
always increases response rate (positive or negative)
Positive reinforcement…
delivers appetitive stimulus (food, approval).
Negative reinforcement…
removes aversive stimulus (shock, alarm clock noise).
Punishment…
decrease response rate.
Without reinforcement…
extinction and spontaneous recovery occur like in classical conditioning.
Present stimulus and positive reinforcement…
increase behavior.
Present stimulus and positive punishment…
decreases behavior.
Removal of stimulus and negative reinforcement…
increases behavior.
Removal of stimulus and negative punishment…
decreases behavior.
discriminative stimulus
indicates under what circumstances response will be reinforced
DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS EXAMPLE: Rat presses bar, but only gets food when light in box is on. Eventually…
the rat doesn’t press unless light is on.
Stimulus does not cause…
response or signal.
Reinforcement sets…
occasion for response.
In operant conditioning, instead of a CR there’s an…
operant response.
