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PSYCH: Exam 2 > Operant Conditioning > Flashcards

Operant Conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

law of effect

A

response is automatically strengthened when followed by reinforcement (“satisfying state of affairs”); automatically weakened when followed by punishment (“annoying state of affairs”)

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2
Q

operant conditioning

A

reinforcement depends on response

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3
Q

classical conditioning

A

reinforcement (US) comes regardless

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4
Q

Operant response is…

A

emitted and voluntary.

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5
Q

Classical conditioning response is…

A

elicited and involuntary.

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6
Q

In operant conditioning, a…

A

behavior is learned.

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7
Q

In classical conditioning, a…

A

signal is learned (CS->US).

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8
Q

Operant conditioning is learned through…

A

law of effect: Consequences (delay of reinforcement weakens response).

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9
Q

Classical conditioning is learned through…

A

contiguity.

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10
Q

Referred to as “conditioning” because…

A

changing the conditions changes response frequency; not under conscious control even though voluntary.

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11
Q

reinforcement

A

always increases response rate (positive or negative)

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12
Q

Positive reinforcement…

A

delivers appetitive stimulus (food, approval).

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13
Q

Negative reinforcement…

A

removes aversive stimulus (shock, alarm clock noise).

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14
Q

Punishment…

A

decrease response rate.

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15
Q

Without reinforcement…

A

extinction and spontaneous recovery occur like in classical conditioning.

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16
Q

Present stimulus and positive reinforcement…

A

increase behavior.

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17
Q

Present stimulus and positive punishment…

A

decreases behavior.

18
Q

Removal of stimulus and negative reinforcement…

A

increases behavior.

19
Q

Removal of stimulus and negative punishment…

A

decreases behavior.

20
Q

discriminative stimulus

A

indicates under what circumstances response will be reinforced

21
Q

DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS EXAMPLE: Rat presses bar, but only gets food when light in box is on. Eventually…

A

the rat doesn’t press unless light is on.

22
Q

Stimulus does not cause…

A

response or signal.

23
Q

Reinforcement sets…

A

occasion for response.

24
Q

In operant conditioning, instead of a CR there’s an…

A

operant response.

25
Q

In operant conditioning, instead of a US there’s…

A

reinforcement.

26
Q

In operant conditioning, instead of a CS there’s…

A

discriminative stimulus.

27
Q

Order of classical conditioning?

A

Stimulus (CS), reinforcement (US), response (CR)

28
Q

Order of operant conditioning?

A

Stimulus, response, reinforcement

29
Q

Stimulus paired with reinforcer acquires…

A

reinforcing properties.

30
Q

Something becomes a conditioned reinforcement through…

A

classical conditioning.

31
Q

partial reinforcement effect

A

reinforcing only some trials produces even stronger response than reinforcing all trials

32
Q

schedules of reinforcement

A

rules determining how often an organism is reinforced for a particular behavior

33
Q

In terms of schedules of reinforcement, continuous reinforcement (CR) means…

A

all responses get reinforced.

34
Q

interval schedule

A

reinforce next response after some time interval

35
Q

fixed interval (FI)

A

time is fixed; rat gets food pellet for next bar press 30 seconds after last pellet (checking mail delivered daily)

36
Q

variable interval (VI)

A

time is average; rat gets food pellet for next bar press 20, 40, 25, 35 seconds after last pellet (checking e-mail delivered whenever)

37
Q

ratio schedule

A

reinforcement after some number of responses (ratio of responses to reinforcements)

38
Q

fixed ratio (FR)

A

ratio is fixed; rat gets food pellet for every 10th bar press (factory piecework)

39
Q

variable ratio (VR)

A

ratio is average; rat gets food pellet after 8, 12, 5, 15 responses (gambling)

40
Q

shaping

A

differential reinforcement of successive approximations to desired response

41
Q

Shaping can produce…

A

a response the animal would never have made spontaneously on its own.

42
Q

chaining

A

linking responses into long sequence allows training of very complex behaviors

PSYCH: Exam 2 (6 decks)

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