Classical Conditioning Flashcards
unconditioned stimulus
input to a reflex
An example of an unconditioned stimulus is…
food in mouth.
unconditioned response (UR)
output of reflex
An example of an unconditioned response is…
salivation to food.
conditioned stimulus (CS)
initially results investigatory response, then habituation;
after conditioning, results in conditioned response (CR)
An example of a conditioned stimulus is…
a bell.
conditioned response (CR)
response to conditioned stimulus;
measure amplitude, probability, and latency
habituation
process of growing accustomed to a situation or stimulus
extinction
CR declines and disappears without US
Extinction occurs due to…
buildup of inhibition.
spontaneous recovery
after rest interval, extinguished CR reappears at almost previous strength and extinguishes faster next time
Spontaneous recovery occurs due to…
dissipation of inhibition.
inhibition
process of restraining one’s impulses/behavior consciously or unconsciously
Conditioning involves…
involuntary responses.
contiguity
theory of learning emphasizing that the only condition necessary for associating stimuli and responses is a close temporal relationship between them
Optimal time interval between CS and US differs depending on…
particular response being conditioned and number of trials.
Contiguity means that…
the closeness in time is the basis of acquisition for the conditioned reflex.
A more intense CS produces…
greater CR.
Think about the dog experience: A louder tone or brighter light would…
produce more salivation.
higher order conditioning
form of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a conditioned stimulus already associated with a desired response through conditioning to become another conditioned stimulus itself
First step of higher order conditioning?
Establish CS; Bell to produce salivation
Second step of higher order conditioning?
New CS is paired with old CS without US; Tone paired with bell to produce salivation
Third step of higher order conditioning?
New CS eventually established without US; Tone to produce salivation
In second-order conditioning, US…
acts as reinforcer for conditioned reflex.
