Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro

Question 1

1925

Answer 1

Socialist organisations for worker recreation and welfare closed and replaced by fascist OND in1925
• Provided workers with social and sport opportunities (bars, cycling groups, libraries)

Question 2

benefits

Answer 2

• Plays, concerts, films provided for workers
• Rail ticket discounts and other consumer benefits
• Welfare organisation, gave relief to workers in times of need
• Most popular aspect: subsidised holidays

Question 3

1939

Answer 3

1939: over 4 million members

• 80% of all state and private sector salaried workers were members of OND and 40% of industrial workers

Question 4

ideology

Answer 4

• Fascists ensured OND was ideologically free (none of sport, social or education promoted fascist beliefs), this questions the
depth of PNF’s attempts to create nation of loyal fascists

Question 5

popularity

Answer 5

Popular, workers grateful, contributed to Mussolini’s popular appeal, but workers could benefit without commitment to fascism
• When PNF members complained that OND made no attempt to provide fascist education to workers, Mussolini replied that
main achievement of OND was that workers met in places and participated in social activities that linked to fascist party

Question 6

Mussolini

Answer 6

• Mussolini said this was more important as a form of control than direct ideological indoctrination that might discourage OND
membership
• Questionable if Mussolini was interested in pursuing this goal or was content he gained popularity