opacities outside the jaw Flashcards
Tonsilliths
◦ After repeated inflammation, the tonsillar crypts enlarge and incomplete resolution of organic debris (dead bacteria and pus, epithelial cells, and food) can lead to dystrophic calcification.
Tonsilliths
◦ Cluster of?
◦ symptoms?
◦ Location: On panoramic image/ On CBCT:
◦ Cluster of small radiopacities
◦ Large tonsilliths may be symptomatic
◦ Location:
◦ On panoramic image: single or multiple radiopaque entities superimposed over the mid portion of the ramus
◦ On CBCT: in the tonsils or adenoids surrounding the airway
tonsilliths
tonsilliths (lingual)
tonsilliths (palatine)
tonsilliths
tonsilliths
tonsillith (R), L ghost image
Tonsilliths Management
◦ Small lesionns:
◦ Lange lesions:
◦ In elderly immunocompromised patients’?
◦ Small lesions: no treatment if not symptomatic; with symptomatic patients tonsilliths may be removed manually.
◦ Lange lesions: require tonsillectomy
◦ In elderly immunocompromised patients’ treatment may be considered because of the risk for aspiration pneumonia
Calcified Lymph nodes
o Usually present in patients who have?
o The presence of calcification implies?
◦ The lymphoid tissue becomes replaced by?
◦ shape?
◦ symptoms?
o Usually present in patients who have a history of chronic inflammation. However, can be the result of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, metastases of thyroid cancer or associated with a patients who have been treated for lymphoma (radiation).
o The presence of calcification implies either active disease or disease that has been previously treated
◦ The lymphoid tissue becomes replaced by calcium salts.
◦ Has a cauliflower shape
◦ Generally asymptomatic
calcified lymph nodes
calcified lymph nodes
calcified lymph nodes
calcified lymph nodes
Atherosclerosis
◦ def?
◦ The lumen is? risk?
On panoramic:
On CBCT
◦ Calcification of the atheromatous plaques within the intima of arteries.
◦ The lumen is narrowed → Increased risk of cerebrovascular accident
On panoramic:
◦ Verticolinear radiopacities
◦ Mostly seen at the carotid bifurcation (C3 and C4). *Do not confuse with thyroid or triticeous cartilage
On CBCT
◦ Radiopaque circular (on axial view) or linear (on sagittal or coronal view) radiopacity located anywhere in the course of any artery.
carotid Aa athersclerosis
carotid Aa atherosclerosis
carotid atherscerlosis
carotid athersclerosis
Thyroid and Triticeous cartilage
Thyroid and Triticeous cartilage
carotid atherosclerosis
Antrolith:
◦ def?
◦ The source is usually?
◦ Deposition of?
◦ sinus walls?
◦ symptoms?
◦ Calcified mass in the sinuses, most commonly in the
maxillary sinuses.
◦ The source is usually endogenous (chronically
inflamed mucosa )
◦ Deposition of mineral salts around a central nidus
(lamination)
◦ Not attached to the sinus walls
◦ Mostly asymptomatic. However, expanding mass may
impinge on the mucosa, producing pain, congestion,
and ulceration
antroliths
antrolith
dif antroliths with varying shapes/sizes, all present with inflammation
Rhinolith:
◦ def?
◦ Deposition of ?
◦ nasal cavity walls?
◦ symptoms
◦ Calcified mass in the nose (usually an exogenous foreign body)
◦ Deposition of mineral salts around a central nidus (lamination)
◦ Not attached to the nasal cavity walls
◦ Mostly asymptomatic. However, expanding mass may impinge on the mucosa, producing pain, congestion, and ulceration
rhinoliths
rhinolith
rhinolith
Rhinolith and Antroliths
periphery/shape
internal structure