Oogenesis and female tract

Question 1

When does gonadal differentiation occur

Answer 1

6/40

Question 2

Where does the mitotic division of the oogonia start

Answer 2

Gonadal ridge. From around 200 to 7 million oogonia. Continues in the ovary

Question 3

When does meiosis halt in oogonia and what are they then called

Answer 3

End of prophase 1. Oocytes

Question 4

Describe meiosis in oogonia

Answer 4

Meiosis 1 starts in fetal life halted at prophase 1 until puberty then each month one dominant follicle allows the oocyte to resume meiosis. At the completion of meiosis 1 there is the oocyte and a polar body (both 1n), these undergo meiosis 2 and (polar body may not divide) forming the oocyte and another polar body. Meiosis 2 not complete until fertilization has occured

Question 5

What kind of ooctye is in a secondary and tertiary follicle

Answer 5

Primary oocyte (2n) and secondary oocyte (1n)

Question 6

How long does it take for an oocyte to develop once follicle is stimulated

Answer 6

85 days (2 weeks for secondary folllicle to develop to tertiary follicle in ovarian cycle)

Question 7

What characterises primary follicles

Answer 7

Flattened granulosa cells

Question 8

What characterises secondary follicles

Answer 8

Multiples layers of granulosa cells

Question 9

Where are FSH receptors found

Answer 9

Granulosa cells

Question 10

What hormones do granulosa cells make

Answer 10

Oestrogen, inhibin, AMH

Question 11

Synthetic pathway to oestrogen

Answer 11

Progesterone–>androgen–>oestrogen

Question 12

Where are androgens made

Answer 12

Thecal cells

Question 13

What characterises a teriary follicle

Answer 13

Presence of an antrum

Question 14

What follicles are under the influence of FSH and LH

Answer 14

Tertiary

Question 15

What does AMH do in the ovary

Answer 15

Suppresses the development of a primordial follicle to primary

Question 16

Where is AMH secreted from and clinical relevance in fertility

Answer 16

Ovarian follicles (granulosa cells). Can be used as a marker of ovarian reserve

Question 17

What are the parts of the fallopian tubes

Answer 17

Fimbrae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

Question 18

What are the epithelial cells types in the fallopian tubes

Answer 18

Cilliated and secretory

Question 19

What does oestrogen do in the fallopian tubes

Answer 19

Increases cillia, secretory activity, muscular activity

Question 20

Effects of progesterone in the fallopian tubes

Answer 20

Decrease muscular activity, decrease cillia but increases their beat frequency, decrease secretions

Question 21

When does implantation occur

Answer 21

21

Question 22

Three layers of non pregnant uterus

Answer 22

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

Question 23

What are the two layers of the endometrium

Answer 23

Functional and basal layers

Question 24

What layer of the endometrium becomes the decidua

Answer 24

Functional

Question 25

Describe the decidual reaction

Answer 25

Progesterone causes the stromal cells in the decidua to become oedematous and lay down glycogen

Question 26

Name uterine arteries

Answer 26

Uterine- arcuate-radial-spiral

Question 27

What hormones does the corpus luteam produce

Answer 27

Progesterone, oestrogen

Question 28

What does oestrogen do in the uterus

Answer 28

Epithelial cell proliferation, stomal cell proliferation, glandular secretions, synthesis of progesterone receptors, myometrial activity

Question 29

What does progesterone do int he uterus

Answer 29

Maintain uterine quiesence, thick glandual secretions in luteal phase, decidual reaction.

Question 30

Incidence of endometriosus

Answer 30

6-10%

Question 31

What is found in endo cervix

Answer 31

Columnar epithelial cells, glands, crypts, fibrous stroma, smooth muscle cells

Question 32

What is the epithelium of the ectocervix

Answer 32

Squamous

Question 33

What is the target for the HPV virus

Answer 33

Junctional zone