Oogenesis and female tract Flashcards
When does gonadal differentiation occur
6/40
Where does the mitotic division of the oogonia start
Gonadal ridge. From around 200 to 7 million oogonia. Continues in the ovary
When does meiosis halt in oogonia and what are they then called
End of prophase 1. Oocytes
Describe meiosis in oogonia
Meiosis 1 starts in fetal life halted at prophase 1 until puberty then each month one dominant follicle allows the oocyte to resume meiosis. At the completion of meiosis 1 there is the oocyte and a polar body (both 1n), these undergo meiosis 2 and (polar body may not divide) forming the oocyte and another polar body. Meiosis 2 not complete until fertilization has occured
What kind of ooctye is in a secondary and tertiary follicle
Primary oocyte (2n) and secondary oocyte (1n)
How long does it take for an oocyte to develop once follicle is stimulated
85 days (2 weeks for secondary folllicle to develop to tertiary follicle in ovarian cycle)
What characterises primary follicles
Flattened granulosa cells
What characterises secondary follicles
Multiples layers of granulosa cells
Where are FSH receptors found
Granulosa cells
What hormones do granulosa cells make
Oestrogen, inhibin, AMH
Synthetic pathway to oestrogen
Progesterone–>androgen–>oestrogen
Where are androgens made
Thecal cells
What characterises a teriary follicle
Presence of an antrum
What follicles are under the influence of FSH and LH
Tertiary
What does AMH do in the ovary
Suppresses the development of a primordial follicle to primary
Where is AMH secreted from and clinical relevance in fertility
Ovarian follicles (granulosa cells). Can be used as a marker of ovarian reserve
What are the parts of the fallopian tubes
Fimbrae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
What are the epithelial cells types in the fallopian tubes
Cilliated and secretory
What does oestrogen do in the fallopian tubes
Increases cillia, secretory activity, muscular activity
Effects of progesterone in the fallopian tubes
Decrease muscular activity, decrease cillia but increases their beat frequency, decrease secretions
When does implantation occur
21
Three layers of non pregnant uterus
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
What are the two layers of the endometrium
Functional and basal layers
What layer of the endometrium becomes the decidua
Functional
