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Biology reproduction > oogenesis > Flashcards

oogenesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where does oogenisis take place?

A

in the ovary

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2
Q

what are oogonia?

A

germinal epithelial cells within ovaries
diploid cells

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3
Q

what do oogonia divide by and what do they produce?

A

divide by mitosis and they produce more haploid cells

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4
Q

what are primary oocytes?

A

enlarged oogonia
diploid cells

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5
Q

what causes oogonia to enlarge?

A

FSH

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6
Q

what do primary oocytes do?

A

begin meiosis but stop at prophase 1

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7
Q

what do primary oocytes cause?

A

primary follicle to form

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8
Q

what is a primary follicle?

A

follicle cells that surround the primary oocyte when it is arrested in prophase 1

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9
Q

when does primary oocyte start dividing once again?

A

at puberty

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10
Q

how many follicles complete meiosis during the menstrual cycle?

A

one– producing 2 haploid cells

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11
Q

why does only one egg survive as a product of meiosis one?

A

one– cytoplasm is unequal= not enough to distribute between both of the cells

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12
Q

product of meiosis 1

A

one haploid cell (secondary oocyte) and one polar body

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13
Q

what is a polar body?

A

the other haploid cell of meiosis 1 that didn’t receive enough cytoplasm to survive.

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14
Q

what happens to the polar body of meiosis 1?

A

degenerates and does not develop further

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15
Q

what does secondary oocyte do?

A

begins meiosis 2 but stops at prophase 2

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16
Q

what do the follicle cells do during meiosis 2?

A

divides and produces fluid that causes the follicle to swell

17
Q

what causes the follicle to swell?

A

follicle cells– releasing fluid

18
Q

what causes ovulation?

A

hormone LH stimulates ovulation

19
Q

what happens during ovulation?

A

the follicle ruptures and release secondary oocyte

20
Q

when does secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2?

A

when a sperm penetrates it / after fertilization

21
Q

product of meiosis 2?

A

ovum- mature egg and a secondary polar body

22
Q

what does the empty follicle develop into?

A

corpus luteum

23
Q

what does corpus luteum do?

A

produces progestrone

24
Q

purpose of unequal cytoplasm division?

A

to provide the ovum with enough nutrients to support developing zygote for a few days after fertilization.

25
Q

what controls the menstrual cycle?

A

hormones– Estrogen, LH, FSH, Progesterone

26
Q

what is FSH and what does it do?

A

hormone released by the pituitary gland– stimulates follicles inside ovary to develop

27
Q

what is LH and what does it do?

A

hormone released by pituitary gland– stimulates ovulation

28
Q

what is Estrogen and what does it do?

A

hormone released by developing follicle–stimulates uterine lining to thicken and stimulates pituitary gland to release LH

29
Q

what is Progesterone and what does it do?

A

hormone released by the corpus luteum– causes LH and FSH levels to drop

30
Q

result of LH and FSH levels to drop?

A

prevents release of another egg until progesterone levels decreases again

31
Q

what happens during menstruation

A

corpus luteum breaks down
levels of progesterone drop

32
Q

what happens during menstruation

A

corpus luteum breaks down
levels of progesterone drop

33
Q

effects of progesterone levels dropping in menstruation

A

causes uterine to break down=menustration

34
Q

how does the fertilization of eggs occur?

A

when sperm is deposited into the female CERVIX traveling up the the uterus into the oviduct.

35
Q

where does fertilization take place?

A

in the oviducts

36
Q

what fertilizes an egg

A

when one sperm enters the mature egg and fuses its nuclei with eggs nuclei to form a zygote

37
Q

what causes a zygote

A

fertilization of egg= egg nuclei + sperm nuclei

Biology reproduction (5 decks)

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