OnlineMedEd: Infectious Disease - "HIV"

Question 1

Briefly review the steps of HIV replication on a cellular level.

Answer 1

1) Entry into CD4 cells via CXCR4 and CCR5

2) Conversion from RNA to DNA through reverse transciptase

Question 2

Review the 2+1 treatments for HIV.

Answer 2

2 NRTIs + 1 of something else:

• NNRTIs
• Protease inhibitors
• Entry inhibitors
• Fusion inhibitors

Question 3

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) includes what treatments?

Answer 3

2 NRTIs: usually emtricitabine and tenofovir

Question 4

PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) includes ______________.

Answer 4

2NRTIs (again, usually emtricitabine and tenofovir) and an NNRTIs (raltegravir)

Question 5

____________ is the most frequent neonatal prophylaxis for HIV.

Answer 5

AZT

Question 6

List the modes of transmission of HIV by risk factor.

Answer 6

• Vertical: 25%
• IV drugs use: 0.3%
• Sex: 0.2%

Question 7

The anti-retroviral syndrome (the initial flu-like illness that comes with HIV) can be diagnosed with _____________.

Answer 7

PCR viral load

No ELISA or Western blot because antibodies haven’t developed yet.

Question 8

You need to get ___________ before telling someone they have HIV.

Answer 8

the confirmatory Western blot

Question 9

The _________ is slow to change with treatment (hence the need to start HAART ASAP).

Answer 9

CD4 count

Question 10

What three drugs can be used for prophylactic PCP treatment?

Answer 10

• Bactrim
• Dapsone
• Atovaquone

Question 11

What two drugs can be used to prophylax against Toxoplasmosis?

Answer 11

• Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)

* Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

Question 12

_______________ can arise in those with CD4s less than 50.

Answer 12

Mycobacterium avium complex