OnlineMedEd: Epidemiology and Stats - "Bias" Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Hawthorne effect?

A

People change their behavior when they know they are being observed.

(Imagine how Hester Prynn changed her behavior when everyone was watching her in Hawthorne’ Scarlet Letter.)

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2
Q

Review the types of bias grouped by subjects, researchers, and the study type.

A

Subjects:

  • Hawthorne effect: people act differently when observed
  • Recall bias: people remember more when they’re sick

Researchers:

  • Selection bias: groups are different at baseline
  • Observer bias: researcher assesses groups differently when he/she knows which group they’re in

Study:

  • Confounding: study didn’t account for third, hidden variable that influences study variables
  • Effect modification:
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3
Q

___________ bias means that the study groups were different at baseline.

A

Selection

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4
Q

How is effect modification different from confounding?

A

Confounding negates the relationship between two variables because it accounts for both.

Effect modification enhances the relationship between the two variables.

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