Online Chapter: Things To Know Flashcards
Management has been practiced all over the world and some examples include
Great Pyramids
Great Wall of China
Machu Picchu
Three approaches to management practices
Classical
Behavioral
Modern
Three people and their research under classical management
Frederick Taylor: Scientific MGMT
Max Weber: Bureaucratic Org.
Henri Fayol: Administrative Principles
Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Principles
Develop a “science” for each job
Hire workers with right abilities
Train and motivate workers (science)
Support workers (based on science)
What was the goal of Taylor’s research
To secure maximum prosperity for employer and employee
Example of Taylor and Scientific MGMT
Henry Ford & Mass Production
-Assembly Line 1920’s
-Ford Plant Scientific Today
(Lifts, platforms, robotics, ergonomics, zero waste, energy efficiency etc)
Bureaucracy
Managing from the desk
Max Weber’s Bureaucratic Organization
Clean and division of labor Hierarchy of authority Formal rules and procedures Impersonal Careers based on merit
Also where we get pyramids
What was the goal of Max Weber and Bureaucratic Orgs.
Power=ability to coerce actions
Authority= actions taken voluntarily
Examples of automotive people in bureaucratic structures
Him Hackett: Ford CEO
Mary Barra: GM CEO
Sergio Marchionne: Fiat/Chrysler CEO
Example of Bureaucratic management
NASA Space Shuttle
- Charles Bolden NASA Administration
- partnering w private businesses
Google Lunar X Prize Moon
Examples of non-Bureaucratic approaches to business
Space X- Elon Musk
Blue Origin- Jeff Bazos
Virgin Galactics- Richard Branson
Henri Fayol’s Administrative Principles
Foresight/Planning Organization Command Coordination Control
Keys of Fayol’s Administrative Principles
Scalar Principle: clear communication @ all levels of organization
Unity of command: one boss per person
Three people and their behavioral HR approaches
Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies
Douglas McGregor: Theory X & Y
Abraham Maslow: Human Needs Theory
Goal of HR Approaches
Productivity through a better understanding and working with people
Where did Mayo conduct his Hawthorne studies
Western Electric: Chicago Hawthorne Works; Studies in Human Relations
The process of management essentially comes from who
Henri Fayol
What happened in Mayo’s study
Company working on phone systems
Done by women (6 that had to work together as a team)
Needed smaller hands so women were the best for the job (dexterity)
What did Mayo study and what was the result
Studied
•use of economic incentives
•change physical conditions
•fostered group cohesion
Results
•no direct relationship found
•researcher attention was key
•groups have negative/ positive influence on member behavior
Hawthorne effect
Summary of Results
Tendency to live up to expectations
Productivity increased no matter the incentive, it was all about the attention they received
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self Actualization Needs Esteem Needs Social Needs Safety Needs Physiological Needs
Order is from bottom to top
What are Maslow’s higher order Needs
Self actualization
Esteem
What are Maslow’s lower order Needs
Social
Safety
Physiological
Example of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Hunger Games
- Katniss demonstrates lots of leadership
- first need to get hold of supplies (physical)
- how does she stay safe from the others that want her out (safety)
- forming bonds w/ peter Mellark and others (social)
- known as great hunter, respect from those around her (esteem)
- used what she was good at to succeed (self-actualization)
Two parts of self-actualization/ definition
Progression principle
Deficit principle
Doing what you’re good at and sing your skills at the highest level and impacting others at the same time
Progression principle
Lower order Needs need to be met before reaching the top
Deficit principle
Once a level has been achieved it won’t further motivate you
Maslow applied in management speaks to
Employees
Maslow applied to marketing speaks to
Customers
Bringing new people in and having groups where you have people that you can connect with
On boarding
Word for Theory X
Directive
Word for Theory Y
Participative
Theory X management worker characteristics
Dislike work Lack ambition Follow not lead Resist change Irresponsible
Theory Y MGMT worker characteristics
Willing to work Capable/ creative Self-controlled Self-directed Responsible
Keys of Theory X & Y
Reflects ways managers manage today
Practically- a mix of both approaches used
Using both leads to better management
Example of McGregor’s Theory X & Y
The office w/ Steve Carroll
USAA General Manager: passionate & humble
•if we can motivate people we get a better outcome
Modern Approaches to Management
Operations and Management Science
Customer Driven Open Systems
Contingency Thinking
Quality/Evidence Based MGMT
Operations and Management Science is
Business Analytics (Big Data) Understanding Data
Examples of Operations and MGMT Science
Network models Forecasting Inventory analysts Queuing Theory Linear programming
Example of Queuing Theory (operations and mgmt science)
Walmart (how long are people willing to wait in line) Disney parks (change of line experience so people deferred from wait time) Guardians of the Galaxy Disneyland (lines are visually rich)
Customer Driven Open Systems
Inputs (People, Money, Materials, Technology, information)
Work=Resource To Outputs
Outputs(finished goods, completed services)
Customer feedback loops to inputs
What is feedback
A warning that organizations need to change and do things better in the future
Zara Case and which modern approach does it use
2000+ stores in 87 countries Operations mgmt keys -two week design cycle -design initiator -attractive price points
Contingency Thinking (def and example)
What if’s; tries to match practices with situational demands
Ex/ space business
Quality/ Evidence Based Management
Managing w/ an organization wide commitment to continuous improvement, product quality and customer needs
Six Sigma
Process improvement
Lean principles
Reduction in waste (every kind)
Four examples of quality/evidence based management
Quality MGMT
Six Sigma
Lean Principle
High Performance Orgs.
Gap Analysis
Way to manage any project
Current State (where we are now)
vs.
future state (where we want to be)
Perform Gap Analysis to determine steps needed to get to desired future state
