One Health

Question 1

What is ‘One Health’?

Answer 1

The collaborative effort of multiple health science professions to attain optimal health for people, domestic animal, wildlife, plants and our environment.

Question 2

What is Zoonoses?

Answer 2

Pathogens/illnesses transmitted from animals to people

Question 3

What is Incidence?

Answer 3

The number of new cases per unit time

Question 4

What is Prevalence?

Answer 4

The percentage of positive cases

Question 5

What is Morbidity?

Answer 5

Infections resulting in disease symptoms

Question 6

What is Mortality?

Answer 6

Number of deaths

Question 7

What is Surveillance?

Answer 7

The continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice.

Question 8

What is Passive surveillance?

Answer 8

Regular reporting of observed cases but no active search

Question 9

What is Syndromic surveillance?

Answer 9

Looking for rise in the number of people reporting specific symptoms

Question 10

Where are the pathogens suspected to have originated from?

Answer 10

Either Co-evolution with our ancestors or,

Cross-species transmission

Question 11

What is a Prophylactic Vaccination?

Answer 11

Development of immunity in susceptible host

Question 12

What is a Therapeutic Vaccination?

Answer 12

Vaccination to augment or induce effective immunity in persons previously infected

Question 13

What is Herd Immunity?

Answer 13

The resistance of spread of a particular disease coming from the high proportion of the population that are immune to the disease.

Question 14

How are Non-Living Viral Vaccines prepared?

Answer 14

From virus grown in culture systems.

Question 15

What is the advantage of Non-Living Viral Vaccines?

Answer 15

No risk of infection

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of Non-Living Viral Vaccines?

Answer 16

May be less immunogenic
May require adjuvants
May not stimulate local IgA mucosal response

Question 17

How are Live Virus Vaccines prepared?

Answer 17

From an attenuated virus

Question 18

What are the advantages of Live Virus Vaccines?

Answer 18

Stimulate antibody and T cell responses
Can stimulate mucosal immunity
Durable immunity

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of Live Virus Vaccines?

Answer 19

Restoration of increased virulence

Persistence of vaccine virus in the immunosuppressed

Question 20

What type of Virus is Ebola?

Answer 20

A Filovirus

Question 21

What do filoviruses cause?

Answer 21

Viral hemorrhagic fever

Question 22

How can filoviruses be transferred?

Answer 22

Animal-animal transmission
Spill-over event
Human-human transmission

Question 23

What factors increase mortality of filoviruses?

Answer 23

Older age

Higher viral load in blood

Question 24

What types of disease eradication exist?

Answer 24

Control
Elimination of disease
Elimination of infections
Reduction or Eradication
Extinction

Question 25

Which types of disease eradication are achievable?

Answer 25

Control
Elimination of disease
Elimination of infections

Question 26

Which type of eradication is hard but manageable?

Answer 26

Reduction or Eradication

Question 27

Which type of eradication is almost impossible?

Answer 27

Extinction