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Biology Key Skills > Forensics > Flashcards

Forensics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Forensic Science?

A

The science of the law, designed to give impartial evidence.

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2
Q

What are the main areas of Forensic Analysis?

A

Biology
Chemistry
Documents
Toxicology

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3
Q

What is Locard’s Principle?

A

Every contact leaves a trace

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4
Q

What is the chain of custody/evidence?

A

Preserve the scene
Search for material of evidential value
Package and label collected material
Storage and transmission to the lab

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5
Q

What is Trace Evidence?

A

Very small amounts of material that can provide a link between a suspect and a victim or a victim and a locus.

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6
Q

What are the types of Trace evidence?

A 
Hair
Fibres
Glass
Paint Fragments
Soil
Vegetation
DNA
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7
Q

What is a Reactive Trace?

A

You already know something about the suspect (e.g. suspect wearing a red cardigan described by witness, look for that on victim).

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8
Q

What is an Inceptive Trace?

A

Don’t know anything about the suspect, find red fibres on victim, make connection.

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9
Q

What factors can affect the rate of absorption of alcohol?

A 
Quantity
Concentration
Contact time in GIT
Food
Stomach Emptying
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10
Q

Where can we find traces of Alcohol?

A 
Blood
Breath
Perspiration
Urine
Saliva
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11
Q

How do you calculate Urine Alcohol Concentration?

A

Blood Alcohol x 1.3

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12
Q

How do you calculate Breath Alcohol Concentration?

A

Blood Alcohol /2300

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13
Q

What is Paracelsus’s statement about dose?

A

“What is there that is not poison? All things are poison and nothing without poison. Solely the dose determines that a thing is not poison.

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14
Q

Give some examples of controlled substances.

A

Heroine, LSD, Solvents, Cannabis, Any drug subject to ‘Misuse of Drugs act 1971’.

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15
Q

What does ADME stand for?

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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16
Q

Why is Blood Grouping still used?

A

It is useful for large scale screening.

17
Q

Name some good sources of DNA for DNA profiling.

A

White blood cells
Sperm cells
Hair with roots
Vaginal fluid

18
Q

Name some bad sources of DNA for DNA profiling.

A

Skin cells
Urine
Hair shaft
Faeces

19
Q

Is DNA profiling foolproof?

A

No, can be confused with identical twins.

20
Q

What methods are used for DNA profiling?

A

RFLP - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

PCR - Polymerase chain reaction

21
Q

Name some applications of DNA profiling.

A 
Familial searching
Cold cases
Linking/identifying families
Wildlife crime
Ethical issues
22
Q

What is Entomology?

A

The study of insects

23
Q

What is Algor Mortis?

A

Body cooling rate:

Hours since death = 37 (Fahrenheit) - internal body temperature / 1.5

24
Q

What is Livor Mortis?

A

Skin discoloration caused by pooling of blood.

25
Q

What is Rigor Mortis?

A

Rigidity of skeletal muscles.

Biology Key Skills (6 decks)

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