One Health

Question 1

Global trends in Emerging Infectious Diseases

Answer 1

• global patterns are non-random, and incidence is increasing
• events are primarily zoonotic (>60%)
• global resources to counter disease emergence are poorly allocated
• need to control efforts to focus on countries where the next EID is most likely to originate

Question 2

EIDs are correlated with

Answer 2

• socioeconomics
• environment and ecology
• provides a basis for identifying hotspots for re-emergence

Question 3

Drivers of EIDs

Answer 3

• increasing human population
• increasing urbanization
• increasing incomes
• changing trends in livestock production
• pressures on natural habitats
• climate associated facotrs
• increasing volumes trade and human travel

Question 4

One Health

Answer 4

Interrelatedness between people, animals, and ecosystems

- transdisciplinary, collaborative whole of society approach toward global health problems

Question 5

H5N1 (avian influenza) and SARS lead to

Answer 5

Development of global intersecotral space for institutions to collaborate under the banner of One Health

Question 6

Global response to avian influenza lead to

Answer 6

Formation of USAID emerging pandemic threats program

Question 7

Challenges of One Health approach

Answer 7

• how to create functional programs within a system of departments
• what guidelines would one health structures operate
• how to staff one health programs
• how to fund these programs
• where to put them
• what reporting systems to adopt

Question 8

Veterinarians without borders

Answer 8

Volunteer-based global non-profit

• advance human health and livelihoods in underserved areas
• sustainably improve animal health and husbandry
• education, training programs for animal health, human health, enterprise development
• outcome: food security, incomes and economic development

Question 9

VWB value proposition

Answer 9

Develop a template for functional One Health programs for 3 neglected zoonotic diseases

• trypanosomiasis
• burcellosis
• TB

Question 10

Components

Answer 10

• involvement of district health and veterinary staff in planning community one health programs for NSD
• field detection of NZDs, concurrent in people and their animals
• training component: district human health and animal health personnel in NZD field testing

Question 11

Syndromic surveillance for livestock health award

Answer 11

USAID farmer-to-farmer grant to VWB

• target countries: ethiopia and uganda
• objectives: enhancing transboundary animal disease reporting, surveillance to assess the disease burden of neglected zoonoses using one health approach

Question 12

Aim 1 - enhance transboundary animal disease reporting

Answer 12

• incorporate livestock marketing chain actors into disease reporting channels for syndromic surveillance
• continuing professional development training (post mortem recognition of transboundary animal diseases)

Question 13

Aim 2 - one health surveillance to assess NZD burden

Answer 13

• survey administration
• field testing for brucellosis, TB, and trypanosomiasis
• concurrent in humans and animals
• anthropometric and morphometric assessments

Question 14

Field lab analysis

Answer 14

• brucellosis card test
• TB skin test
• trypanosomiasis: PCV, buffy coat, microscope analysis, sputum sample
• milk quality testing (SCCs)

Question 15

By 2050, global population will reach _____

Answer 15

9 billion

Question 16

Increase in animal source food production must be:

Answer 16

Efficient, equitable and sustainable, without causing unintended consequences of emerging infectious disease epidemics

• transboundary or zoonotic diseases
• food safety
• antimicrobial resistance