One Health Flashcards
WHO definition of health
“The state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity…..”
“… An individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
public health agency of canada definition of health
”Health is dynamic and a relative condition, a capacity or resource, rather than a state.
what is the one health definition
“One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to
sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals,
and ecosystems. It recognizes the health of humans, domestic
and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including
ecosystems) are closely linked and interdependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines, and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for healthy food, water, energy, and air, taking action on climate change and contributing to sustainable development.”
4 C’s that go into one health
communication, collaboration, capacity building, coordination
what three things does one health consider/involve/prioritize
✓Considers issues broadly and in context and explores interconnections (systems thinking)
✓ Involves lots of different people working together (participation and transdisciplinarity)
✓Does not prioritize 1 species or place 1 species above others (advocacy and equity)
what is systems thinking and what do we consider when we think this way
- Offers a different way to approach complex issues
When we think in systems, we consider:
* Feedback loops
* Different scales – geographic, temporal, political
* Uncertainty
* Unintended consequences
what four things contribute to determinants of health
your life, your health care, your biology, your environment
six aspects for determinants in companion animal health
health services, social environment, physical environment, early development, biological endowment, human expectations
what three things do we have to think about/ask when trying to contextualize the problem as a vet
As vets we think about these hierarchies and connections all the time:
* Getting a good history
* Asking probing questions
* Outbreak investigations
mutlidisciplinary vs transdisciplinary vs disciplinary vs interdisciplinary
-mutlidisciplinary = work individually, then share results
-transdisciplinary = work cooperatively at all levels
-disciplinary = specialization in isolation
-interdisciplinary = work together cooperatively
sometimes protecting animal health _____ impacts public health and vice versa
negatively
equality vs equity
equality = everyone receives equal assistance
equity = everyone receives assistance they need to succeed
what are some things included in spectrum of care?
-basic = lower cost, less resource dependent, essential skills, low tech
advanced = higher cost, resource dependent, advanced skills, state of the art
neither is better or worse or unacceptable in anyway
one health is about ___, _____ and inspiring _____
health, interdepenence, change
vets requirements to report rabies situations according to ontario animal health act
Veterinarians are required to report any situation that poses a serious risk to animal or human health, or the safety of food or other animal products
* If it may spread / not be adequately contained
* If it occurs in a cluster (may have already spread)
* If there is a high mortality rate (like… rabies!)
vets requirements to report rabies situations according to federal health of animals act
Veterinarians are required to report any situation in which they suspect an animal is affected OR contaminated by a reportable disease (e.g. rabies)
vets requirements to report rabies situations according to ontario health protection and promotion act
Veterinarians (and physicians, nurses or “any other person”) are required to report “any animal bite from a mammal” AND “any contact with a mammal that is conducive
to the potential transmission of rabies to persons”
* As written, one would need to report every time a dog licked someone’s face or
broken skin
bites are markedly ______ reported
under
when are vets not obligated to report?
Domestic animal vs domestic animal bites
* Both animals clinically normal
* No neurological signs
* Reasonable explanation for bite
* No high-risk history (e.g. rescue)
* e.g. dog vs dog, dog vs cat, cat vs cat
when a potential exposure occurs in a domestic animal, who is called
person calls local vet, vet can call OMAFA
when a potential exposure occurs in a person, who is called
public health
when a potential exposure occurs in a wild animal, who is called
MNR
rabies exposure is generally considered a medical _____ but not an ______
urgency; emergency
what three things can be done pending risk evaluation for rabies
- Preserve any available samples (fridge / freezer)
- Exposed animals can be vaccinated and monitored at home (minimum incubation typically days)
- Refer exposed persons to public health
