ONE Flashcards
Which of the following substitute for paraffin wax can be used without dehydration and clearing:
a. Gelatin
b. Both
c. Neither
d. Carbowax
d. Carbowax
Useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas
a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
c. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
d. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
e. Actin
a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
The coloring property of a dye is attributed to which particular group?
a. None
b. Auxochrome
c. Both
d. Chromophore
d. Chromophore
Which of the following is classified as a lead hematoxylin?
a. Carazzi Hematoxylin
b. Thomas Hematoxylin
c. Mallory’s PTAH
d. Solcia Hematoxylin
d. Solcia Hematoxylin
One of these is not necessary in the surgical pathology logbook:
a. Clinical and pathological diagnosis
b. Treatment to be done
c. Names of the patient and requesting
physician
d. Kind of specimen
b. Treatment to be done
All of the following are true concerning glacial acetic acid, except:
a. It solidifies at 30 C.
b. It fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins.
c. It is useful in the study of nuclear components of the cell.
d. It causes tissues (especially those containing collagen) to swell.
a. It solidifies at 30 C.
Which of the following hematoxylins is used for the study of spermatogenesis?
a. Mallory’s PTAH
b. Weigert’s hematoxylin
c. Copper hematoxylin
d. Cole’s hematoxylin
c. Copper hematoxylin
Which of the statements below is/are true for the picric acid?
a. Both A and C
b. All of the above
c. They may be used as a decalcifying agent.
d. They may be used as a stain. B. They may be used as a fixative for
glycogen demonstration.
b. All of the above
Complete the following sentence:
“Solutions of alum hematoxylin give the
nucleus a ___________ color which swiftly turns _________ in the presence
of an acid.
a. Light transparent red, blue
b. Dark blue, red
c. Pink, blue
d. Light transparent blue, red
c. Pink, blue
The best screening marker for lymphomas is:
a. Extremely high WBC ct.
b. CD3, CD4, CD8
c. LCA
d. CD15, CD30
e. CD19, CD20, CD23
c. LCA
The B-5 fixative is usually utilized for:
a. Bone marrow smears
b. Bone marrow biopsies
c. Glycogen fixation
d. Urgent biopsies
a. Bone marrow smears
In the Pap stain, the OG-6 functions to stain:
a. The nucleus of mature, superficial cells
b. The cytoplasm of
mature, superficial cells
c. The cytoplasm of intermediate cells
d. The nucleus of intermediate cells
d. The nucleus of intermediate cells
This is the property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil-soluble dyes,
regardless of the type of dye used, due to their essential lipid nature:
a. Lipophilia
b. Hypochromia
c. Metachromasia
d. Sudanophilia
d. Sudanophilia
Pathology blocks should be kept for a period of:
a. 10 years
b. 2 years
c. 1 year only
d. 24 hours
a. 10 years
Transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder and mucinous ovarian tumors are usually positive for:
a. Both
b. Neither
c. CK20
d. CK7
a. Both
The Bowman’s capsule and the endothelial lining of blood vessels are both composed of:
a. Simple squamous tissues
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple cuboidal tissues
d. Transitional epithelium
a. Simple squamous tissues
Which of the following may be used for preserving tissues intended for electron microscopic studies?
a. Any aldehyde fixative
b. Glutaraldehyde
c. Heidenhain’s SuSa
d. Formaldehyde
b. Glutaraldehyde
In order to have an effective knife, which one of the following hones is recommended because it gives the best honing result?
a. Paddle strop
b. Fine Carborundum
c. Belgium yellow
d. Arkansas
c. Belgium yellow
This metallic fixative is generally indicated for preserving acid
mucopolysaccharides:
a. Chromate fixatives
b. Lead fixatives
c. Mercury fixatives
d. Any of the choices
b. Lead fixatives
Most widely used to confirm the diagnosis of astrocytoma
a. Actin
b. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
c. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
d. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
Identify from the list below the ones that may be used as fixative and dehydrating agent. 1. Acetone 2. Dioxane
3. Methanol 4. Tetrahydrofuran 5.
Picric acid 6. Toluene
a. 1,3, and 5
b. 1,2,3,4, 5 and 6
c. 1 and 3
d. 1,2,3
e. 2,4 and 6
c. 1 and 3
Glacial acetic acid is mixed with many other fixing agents in order to:
a. Prevent swelling of cells
b. Dehydrate the tissues
c. Prevent shrinking of cells
d. Shorten the fixation time
c. Prevent shrinking of cells
The optimum working temperature for the cold microtome is:
a. Between 10 to 15 C
b. Between -5 to -10 C
c. Between -18 to -20 C
d. Between 5 to 10 C
c. Between -18 to -20 C
The temperature of the paraffin oven used for impregnation is usually:
a. 23 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
b. 2-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
c. 6-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
d. 6-10 C below the melting point of the impregnating medium
e. 5-10 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
b. 2-5 C above the melting point of the impregnating medium
Impregnating medium recommended for histochemistry and enzymology
studies:
a. Celloidin
b. Gelatin
c. Paraffin
d. Plastic
b. Gelatin
What alcohol fixative is recommended for preserving mucopolysaccharides
and nuclear proteins?
a. Newcomer’s fluid
b. Methyl alcohol
c. Carnoy’s fluid
d. Osmium tetroxide
a. Newcomer’s fluid
The mature, superficial cells in the Pap’s smear are recognized as having
which of these characteristics?
a. Round to oval shaped cytoplasm with large, vesicular nuclei
b. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei
c. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with vesicular nuclei
d. Tall columnar epithelial cells with cilia and basally oriented nuclei
b. Polygonal, thin cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei
Excessive exposure to benzene may damage the bone marrow resulting in:
a. Iron deficiency anemia
b. Aplastic anemia
c. Thalassemia
d. Hemoglobinopathies
b. Aplastic anemia
These are black granules formed by malarial parasites living inside RBCs and
may be removed by alcoholic picric acid:
a. Hematoidin
b. Lipofuscin
c. Hemozoin
d. Hemosiderin
c. Hemozoin
The diaphysis or shaft of the long bones is composed of:
a. Spongy bone
b. Cancellous bone
c. Compact bone
d. Hyaline cartilage
c. Compact bone
For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to the laboratory:
a. In Carnoy’s fixative
b. Fresh and unfixed
c. In saline
d. In 10% formalin
b. Fresh and unfixed
The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for cutting tissue (very thin
sections) at _______.
a. 10 to 15 micra
b. 2.0 micra
c. 0.5 micra
d. 4 to 6 micra
c. 0.5 micra
This is considered as the standard iron hematoxylin:
a. Weigert’s
b. Verhöeff
c. Heidenhain’s
d. Loyez
a. Weigert’s
Melanomas and schwannomas always stain positive for:
a. Vimentin
b. PSA
c. CEA
d. CK7
e. Desmin
a. Vimentin
Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and are collectively known as:
a. Aniline dyes
b. Natural dyes
c. Carminic dyes
d. Carbonic dyes
a. Aniline dyes
Every cell in the body has a structure or “suicide sac” within its cytoplasm called:
a. Mitochondria
b. Golgi bodies
c. Ribosomes
d. Lysosome
d. Lysosome
The best general decalcifying agent is:
a. 5% formic acid
b. 10% nitric acid
c. HCl
d. Von Ebner’s fluid
a. 5% formic acid
Which of the following fixatives may be used for the diagnosis of rabies?
a. Acetone
b. Any alcoholic fixative
c. Microwave fixation
d. Trichloroacetic acid
a. Acetone
All of the following are considered as disadvantages of using formaldehyde,
except:
a. Fumes may cause sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, or excessive lacrimation.
b. Prolonged fixation may produce bleaching of the specimen and loss of natural tissue colors.
c. Solutions may cause allergic dermatitis on prolonged contact.
d. It is extremely corrosive to metals.
d. It is extremely corrosive to metals.
This is considered as the most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes:
a. Sudan Black
b. Sudan III
c. Sudan IV
d. None of these
a. Sudan Black
Legionella pneumophilia is a Gram-positive organism which may be
demonstrated with:
a. Both
b. Modified Steiner Silver stain
c. Dieterle method
d. None
a. Both
If the clearing agent turned milky as soon as the tissue is placed in it, the
most probable reason is:
a. Incomplete dehydration
b. Prolonged fixation
c. Delayed fixation
d. Insufficient impregnation
e. Prolonged dehydration
a. Incomplete dehydration
All of the following are stains used for the demonstration of collagen, except:
a. Masson’s trichrome
b. Van Gieson’s stain
c. None of these
d. Thomas Hematoxylin
c. None of these
Paraformaldehyde crystalline precipitates may be removed through the use of 1. 10% methanol 2. Picric acid 3. Filtration methods 4. 1% Alcoholic KOH
a. 1,2,3,4
b. 3 only
c. 2,4
d. 1,3
d. 1,3
Autopsy materials should be preserved as soon after death as possible. If this
cannot be done, the body should be placed in a refrigerator kept at:
a. 1 C
b. 10 C
c. 4 C
d. 8 C
c. 4 C
Ringing is the process of sealing the margins of the coverslip. The reason/s
for doing this process is/are:
a. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts
b. All
c. To immobilize the coverslip
d. To prevent sticking of the slides upon storage
b. All
All of the following will improve the fixation of tissues, except:
a. Mucus
b. Agitation
c. Moderate heat
d. Thinner slices of tissues
a. Mucus
What is the optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue cut from the microtome?
a. 37 C
b. 30 C
c. 50-56 C
d. 45-50 C
d. 45-50 C
Which of the following descriptions characterize a post-mortem clot? 1.
“Chicken fat” 2. “Currant jelly” 3. Rubbery consistency 4. Assumes the shape of the blood vessel
a. 1 and 4
b. 1,2,3,4
c. 2 and 3
d. 2 and 4
e. 1 and 3
b. 1,2,3,4
The following are all descriptions attributed to Carnoy’s fluid, except:
a. Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies
b. Used also to fix brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies
c. Excellent fixative for glycogen
d. None of the above
e. The most rapid fixative
d. None of the above
All of the following are resinous media, except:
a. Brun’s Fluid
b. Histomount
c. Clarite
d. Eukitt
a. Brun’s Fluid
For delicate tissues like embryos and animal tissues, it is recommended to
start dehydrating with this concentration of ethanol:
a. 45%
b. 15%
c. 30%
d. 65%
e. 55%
c. 30%
The usual length of the biconcave knife is:
a. 25 mm.
b. 100 mm.
c. 75 mm.
d. 120 mm
d. 120 mm
The ideal time for a decalcification process to be completed is between:
a. 30-60 mins.
b. 10-18 hrs.
c. 24-48 hrs.
d. 3-5 days
c. 24-48 hrs.
Recognized as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation
a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
b. Desmin
c. Chromogranin
d. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
c. Chromogranin
When wax has been reused, some water is mixed with it. In order to remove
excess water, heat the wax to:
a. 150-160 C
b. 20 C above its melting point
c. 80-90 C
d. 100-105 C
d. 100-105 C
Which one of the following is considered as the gold standard for amyloid
demonstration?
a. Induced fluorescence staining with thioflavin
b. Congo Red
c. Van Gieson’s
d. Metachromatic staining
e. Gram’s Iodine
b. Congo Red
Frozen section is employed for the following purposes, except:
a. Fat demonstration
b. Enzymes
c. Rapid diagnosis
d. Amyloid
d. Amyloid
EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of what infiltrating medium?
a. Plastic
b. Gelatin
c. Celloidin
d. Paraffin
a. Plastic
Highly specific for myogenic tumors, including leiomyoma (smooth muscle
tumor) and rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal muscle tumor)
a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
b. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
c. Desmin
d. Chromogranin
c. Desmin
What does “CA” mean in CA-125?
a. Cercarial antigen
b. Chromic acid
c. Collagenous antigen
d. Cancer antigen
d. Cancer antigen
Human brains require longer fixation time, which usually is:
a. One year
b. Three months
c. 14 days
d. 7 days
c. 14 days
Which among the following techniques is considered as the most common
method used for the demonstration of basement membrane, specifically the
glomerular basement membrane of the kidney?
a. Feulgen technique
b. Periodic Acid-Schiff Technique
c. Krajian’s technique
d. Papanicolaou Staining Technique
b. Periodic Acid-Schiff Technique
Useful in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma & Positive in certain
pancreatic and salivary gland tumors
a. Actin
b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
The 10% Formol-Saline is recommended for fixation of:
a. Central nervous tissues
b. None
c. General post-mortem tissues
d. Both
d. Both
The most abundant protein in the body is:
a. Fibrinogen
b. Albumin
c. Collagen
d. Globulin
c. Collagen
The type of necrosis that occurs as a result of syphilis and tularemia:
a. Fat necrosis
b. Caseous necrosis
c. Coagulation necrosis
d. Liquefaction necrosis
a. Fat necrosis
What color of stool may a patient with biliary atresia produce?
a. Yellow
b. Red
c. White
d. Black
c. White
The wax appears crystalline during trimming. What is the most probable
reason for this problem?
a. Overheated paraffin oven
b. Block not cooled rapidly enough
c. Prolonged clearing
d. Incomplete dehydration
e. Incomplete fixation
a. Overheated paraffin oven (NS)
The medtech experienced difficulty in section cutting and the tissue appears
opaque. What is the probable reason for this problem?
a. Delayed fixation
b. Insufficient infiltration
c. Insufficient clearing
d. Dirty knife
c. Insufficient clearing
Urine specimens for cytology should fulfill all the requirements given below,
except:
a. For females, specimen should have been voided
b. Specimen should be second urine
c. At least 50 mL
d. For males, specimen should have been voided
For females, specimen should have been voided D. For males, specimen should have been
voided
Smears and cell block of urine for cytological examination will show
desquamated cells from the lining epithelium of the urinary tract which are:
a. Squamous cells
b. Columnar cells
c. Mucous cells
d. Transitional cells
d. Transitional cells
Smear prepared for cytologic examination from cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be obtained by:
a. Streaking
b. Spreading
c. Touch preparation
d. Pull apart
c. Touch preparation
The white precipitates formed from prolonged standing of formaldehyde
especially at very low temperatures:
a. Paraformaldehyde
b. Formic acid
c. None of these
d. Acid formaldehyde hematin
a. Paraformaldehyde
It is a procedure whereby calcium or lime salts are removed from certain
tissues (most especially bones and teeth) following fixation:
a. Impregnation
b. Dealcoholizing
c. Decalcification
d. Dehydration
c. Decalcification
Which metallic fixative is recommended for tumor biopsies especially of the
skin?
a. B-5 fixative
b. Zenker-Formol
c. Helly’s solution
d. Heidenhain’s SuSa
d. Heidenhain’s SuSa
In the routine H and E method:
a. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is blue
b. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are pale pink
c. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale
pink
d. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue
c. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale
pink (NS)
Failure of an organ to form an opening is termed as:
a. Aplasia
b. Agenesia
c. Hypoplasia
d. Atresia
d. Atresia
One disadvantage of using osmium tetroxide fixatives is that they may cause:
a. Either a or b
b. Neither a nor b
c. Conjunctivitis
d. Blindness
a. Either a or b
Osmium tetroxide fixatives are contraindicated for H and E staining
techniques because:
a. They inhibit the clearing agent to act properly.
b. They inhibit formalin.
c. They inhibit the rehydrating agents.
d. They inhibit hematoxylin
d. They inhibit hematoxylin
This is considered to be the most rapid fixative:
a. Methanol
b. Newcomer’s
c. Acetone
d. Carnoy’s
d. Carnoy’s
Along with red cells and leukocytes, this cell may also indicate that the patient is currently menstruating:
a. Basal cells
b. Endocervical cells
c. Koilocyte
d. Endometrial cells
d. Endometrial cells
Provides strong evidence of neural or neuroendocrine differentiation
a. Desmin
b. Leukocyte Common Antigen (LCA)
c. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
d. Chromogranin
c. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE)
This agent is used for infiltrating tissues intended for electron microscopy:
a. Gelatin
b. Plastic
c. Paraffin
d. Celloidin
b. Plastic
The formalin pigments formed from the combination of formic acid and hemoglobin may be removed from the tissues by:
a. Adding phosphate buffer
b. Adding glacial acetic acid
c. Applying alcoholic picric acid
d. Applying sodium thiosulfate
c. Applying alcoholic picric acid
The optimum temperature for microwave fixation is:
a. 25-35 C
b. 45-55 C
c. 65-75 C
d. 85-95 C
b. 45-55 C
Used to identify tumors derived from smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle
a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
b. Actin
c. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
b. Actin
Using the microscope, the color of the acid formaldehyde hematin deposits
as they appear on tissues is:
a. Brownish black
b. Dark red
c. White
d. Yellow
a. Brownish black
Request forms for histopathologic analysis should be signed by:
a. The medical technologist
b. The nurse-on-duty
c. The patient’s physician
d. The pathologist
c. The patient’s physician
This is considered to be the most common type of necrosis usually observed in the myocardium, lungs, kidneys and the spleen:
a. Fat necrosis
b. Gangrenous necrosis
c. Liquefaction necrosis
d. Coagulation necrosis
d. Coagulation necrosis
Air-filled lungs may float on fixative. To avoid this, the organ may be
a. Packed with cotton soaked in fixative. b. Covered with several
layers of gauze to maintain it under surface.
c. Washed out in running water overnight prior to fixation.
d. Immersed in absolute alcohol prior to fixation.
c. Washed out in running water overnight prior to fixation.
The best stain for calcium is:
a. Von Kossa stain
b. Prussian blue
c. Congo stain
d. Silver nitrate
a. Von Kossa stain
The color of OG-6 staining solution is:
a. Dark purple to black
b. Orange with a hint of green
c. Olive green with a hint of brown and red
d. None of these
b. Orange with a hint of green
The rate of penetration of formalin in tissues:
a. 2.5 mm/hr
b. 10 mm/hr
c. 1 mm/hr
d. 20 mm/hr
e. 3 mm/hr
c. 1 mm/hr
Formaldehyde is formed from the oxidation of:
a. Methanol
b. Methyl salicylate
c. Propanol
d. Ethanol
e. Isopropanol
a. Methanol
Which of the following statements correctly describes the Lendrum’s
method? A method of making
a. soft tissues harder by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.
b. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in aqueous phenol overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in absolute alcohol for 1 to 3 days.
c. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.
d. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in 4% aqueous phenol solution for 10 to 14 days.
e. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running water overnight.
c. hard tissues softer by allowing them to be washed out in running
water overnight then subsequently, the tissues are immersed in
4% aqueous phenol solution for 1 to 3 days.
Of the following commonly used methods of freezing, which one is
considered to be the most rapid?
a. Isopentane
b. Liquid nitrogen
c. Oxygen gas
d. Carbon dioxide gas
b. Liquid nitrogen
It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally used for microscopic study of
starch granules:
a. Methylene blue
b. Orcein
c. Iodine
d. Malachite green
c. Iodine
What characteristic is shared by all of the following pathologic changes in
connective tissues?
a. They are all stained by Congo Red.
b. They are all eosinophilic.
c. They are all basophilic.
d. They are all found in diabetic patients
d. They are all found in diabetic patients
Synthesized by placental syncytiotrophoblasts & marker for choriocarcinoma
a. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
b. Actin
c. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
d. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
e. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
e. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
