FOURTH YELLOW Flashcards
Which of the following accelerates the speed of staining reaction?
a. Accentuator
b. Dye modifier
c. Lake
d. Mordant
a. Accentuator
Which of the following fixatives is
recommended for fixing lymph glands, urgent biopsies, and chromosomes?
a. Methyl alcohol
b. Carnoy’s fluid
c. Newcomer’s fluid
d. Isopropyl alcohol
b. Carnoy’s fluid
The most reliable and specific histochemical staining technique for the DNA is:
a. Methyl Green-Pyronin Technique
b. Bodian’s Stain
c. Feulgen Technique
d. Cajal’s Gold Sublimate
c. Feulgen Technique
The mordant used for Mayer’s Hematoxylin is:
a. Mercuric oxide
b. Sodium iodate
c. Potash alum
d. Ferric chloride
c. Potash alum
This is considered to be the best dehydrating agent in tissue processing:
a. Ethyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Butyl alcohol
d. Denatured alcohol
a. Ethyl alcohol
This is the process of replacing the
dehydrating fluid with fluid that is miscible with both the dehydrating fluid and the impregnating or embedding medium:
a. Casting
b. Staining
c. Dealcoholization
d. Decolorization
c. Dealcoholization
Bisphenol A, glycerol, and cyclohexene
dioxide are all examples of:
a. Clearing agent
b. Paraffin wax
c. Fixatives
d. Plastic impregnating media
d. Plastic impregnating media
The ripening agent for the Harris Hematoxylin
a. Mercuric oxide
b. None of these
c. Sodium iodate
d. Potassium iodate
a. Mercuric oxide
Glacial acetic acid must never be added to cytoplasmic fixatives because:
a. It destroys Golgi bodies.
b. Both of these choices
c. It destroys the mitochondria.
b. Both of these choices
When wax has been reused, some water is mixed with it. In order to remove excess water, heat the wax to:
a. 80-90 C
b. 150-160 C
c. 100-105 C
d. 20 C above its melting point
c. 100-105 C
In the routine H and E staining, the acid used in combination with the alcohol in the differentiator is the:
a. Sulfuric acid
b. Acetic acid
c. Formic acid
d. Hydrochloric acid
d. Hydrochloric acid
Sputum specimens intended for cytological examination are considered satisfactory if:
a. There are many bacilli and columnar
cells.
b. There are no cells seen.
c. It is very viscous and sticky.
d. Alveolar macrophages are present.
d. Alveolar macrophages are present.
This clearing agent is recommended for tough tissues. However, it is toxic to the liver after prolonged inhalation and it does not make the tissues transparent.
a. Aniline oil
b. Clove oil
c. Chloroform
d. Xylene
c. Chloroform
The optimum working temperature for the cold microtome is:
a. Between -18 to -20 C
b. Between 10 to 15 C
c. Between 5 to 10 C
d. Between -5 to -10 C
a. Between -18 to -20 C
Carazzi hematoxylin uses this kind of mordant:
a. Iron
b. Lead
c. Tungsten
d. Alum
d. Alum
Complete the following sentence: “For routine histologic procedures, tissue sections are commonly cut between ________________ in thickness.”
a. 4 to 6 µ
b. 10 to 15 µ
c. 50 to 100 µ
d. 0.5 to 1.0 µ
a. 4 to 6 µ
Which of the stains given below may be
utilized to show deposits of fibrin?
a. PAS
b. Congo Red Method
c. MSB Technique
d. Gram’s Iodine stain
c. MSB Technique
Of the following commonly used methods of freezing, which one is considered to be the most rapid?
a. Carbon dioxide gas
b. Isopentane
c. Liquid nitrogen
d. Oxygen gas
c. Liquid nitrogen
Saccomano’s fixative is composed of ethanol and:
a. Formaldehyde
b. 2% Carbowax
c. Xylene
d. Ether-formaldehyde
b. 2% Carbowax
Which of the choices below is the correct
REHYDRATION SEQUENCE of tissue sections before hematoxylin staining?
a. 100% –>; 95% –>; 80% –>; 70%
ethanol –>; water
b. Water –>; 100% –>; 95% –>; 90% –>;
80% –>; water
c. Water –>; 70% –>; 80% –>; 90% –>;
95% –>; 100% ethanol
d. Acetone –>; 70% –>; 80% –>; 90% –>;
95% –>; Ethanol
a. 100% –>; 95% –>; 80% –>; 70%
ethanol –>; water
It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally used for microscopic study of starch granules:
a. Orcein
b. Malachite green
c. Iodine
d. Methylene blue
c. Iodine
The pathology blocks should be kept for:
a. 24 hours
b. 10 years
c. 1 year only
d. 2 years
b. 10 years
Best Carmine solution is used to stain which of the following?
a. Mucins
b. C. neoformans
c. Glycogen
d. HbsAg
c. Glycogen
Picric acid may be used as:
a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. All of these
d. Stain
c. All of these
For satisfactory fixation, the pH of the
preservative should be within:
a. pH 3.0
b. pH 7 only
c. pH 4
d. pH 6-8
e. pH 9
d. pH 6-8
Ester wax has all of the following
characteristics, except:
a. It is soluble in water.
b. None of these
c. It is soluble in the dehydrating fluid.
d. Its melting point is 46-48 C.
a. It is soluble in water.
This is considered as the best general
decalcifying agent:
a. EDTA
b. Perenyi’s fluid
c. 5% formic acid
d. 10% BNF
c. 5% formic acid
This is considered as the most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes:
a. Sudan III
b. None of these
c. Sudan IV
d. Sudan Black
d. Sudan Black
The sectioning of ester wax-impregnated tissues should be performed on a:
a. Rocking microtome
b. Sliding microtome
c. Freezing microtome
d. Rotary microtome
b. Sliding microtome
The purpose of adding phenol to each of the 95% ethanol baths is:
a. To remove the alcohol
b. To soften tissues
c. To enhance the staining process
d. To harden tissues
b. To soften tissues
Using Lendrum’s MSB, old fibrin formations will stain:
a. Yellow
b. Blue
c. Pink
d. Red
b. Blue
It is considered to be the most rapid clearing agent, suitable for urgent biopsies which it clears within 15-30 minutes:
a. Chloroform
b. Clove oil
c. Benzene
d. Xylene
d. Xylene
Which of the following fixatives may also act as a dehydrating agent?
a. Ethanol
b. Formalin
c. Orth’s fluid
d. Glutaraldehyde
a. Ethanol
This is a weakly basic dye used as a contrast stain for staining ascaris eggs and red cells, and as a bacterial spore stain. It is also used both as a decolorizer and as a counterstain:
a. Malachite green
b. Neutral red
c. Methylene blue
d. Methyl green
a. Malachite green
For delicate tissues like embryos and animal tissues, it is recommended to start dehydrating with this concentration of ethanol:
a. 15%
b. 65%
c. 45%
d. 30%
e. 55%
d. 30%
The color of OG-6 staining solution is:
a. Dark purple to black
b. Orange with a hint of green
c. Olive green with a hint of brown and red
d. None of these
b. Orange with a hint of green
For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to the laboratory:
a. In 10% formalin
b. In saline
c. In Carnoy’s fixative
d. Fresh and unfixed
d. Fresh and unfixed
All of the following are staining methods used for the demonstration of elastic fibers, except:
a. Krajian’s method
b. Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin stain
c. Verhoeff’s stain
d. None of these
e. Taenzer-Unna Orcein method
d. None of these
The correct order of the steps involved in routine tissue processing is:
a. Fixation, dehydration, impregnation,
embedding, clearing , trimming,
sectioning, staining, and mounting
b. Fixation, dehydration, clearing,
impregnation, embedding, trimming,
sectioning, staining, and mounting
b. Fixation, dehydration, clearing,
impregnation, embedding, trimming,
sectioning, staining, and mounting
Which of the following fixatives is useful in the preservation of sputum specimens?
a. Methanol
b. Formol-saline
c. Newcomer’s fluid
d. Alcoholic formalin
d. Alcoholic formalin
It permits brilliant metachromatic staining of cells and is the routine fixative of choice for the preservation of cell details in tissue photography:
a. Formalin
b. Lead acetate
c. Mercuric chloride
d. Picrates
c. Mercuric chloride
In the routine H and E method:
a. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are pale pink
b. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is
blue
c. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue
d. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale
pink
d. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale
pink
All of these statements are true for regressive staining, except:
a. It requires a differentiator.
b. When dye is taken up by the tissue, it is not decolorized.
c. Tissue is first overstained, then excess
stain is subsequently removed.
d. It may be used for routine staining of
tissues.
b. When dye is taken up by the tissue, it is not decolorized.
The appropriate temperature for fixing surgical specimens is:
a. 37 C
b. Room temperature
c. Freezing temperature
d. Refrigerator temperature
b. Room temperature
This is the most important reaction for
maintaining tissue appearance:
a. Stabilization of proteins
b. Stabilization of carbohydrates
c. Stabilization of fats
d. All of the choices
a. Stabilization of proteins
The kind of acid present in the formula of Von Ebner’s fluid is:
a. Formic acid
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Nitric acid
d. Trichloroacetic acid
b. Hydrochloric acid
Markers in Immunohistochemical Tech. that is useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas
a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)
d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
e. Actin
a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)
An machine for embedding with a defective thermostat (i.e., uncontrolled high temperature) will produce tissues which are:
a. Hard and brittle
b. Lighter than its original color
c. Soft and fleshy
d. Darker than its original color
a. Hard and brittle
Which of the following is NOT a decalcifying agent?
a. Carnoy’s fluid
b. Von Ebner’s fluid
c. Perenyi’s fluid
d. None of these
a. Carnoy’s fluid
Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and are collectively known as:
a. Carminic dyes
b. Aniline dyes
c. Natural dyes
d. Carbonic dyes
b. Aniline dyes
This group of fixatives produces excessive yellow staining of tissues:
a. Alcohols
b. Picrates
c. Acetone
d. Chromates
e. Aldehydes
b. Picrates
Which of the following may not be used to ripen hematoxylins?
a. Potassium aluminum sulfate
b. Ferric chloride
c. Sodium iodate
d. Mercuric oxide
a. Potassium aluminum sulfate
Glacial acetic acid is combined with many other fixing agents to:
a. Decrease chemical dislocations
b. Retain identical cell structure
c. Inhibit shrinking of cells
d. Inhibit swelling of cells
c. Inhibit shrinking of cells
What is the optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue cut from the microtome?
a. 30 C
b. 37 C
c. 45-50 C
d. 50-56 C
c. 45-50 C
Which of the following terms is synonymous to embedding?
a. Dealcholization
b. Orientation
c. Infiltration
d. Blocking
d. Blocking
Which of the following is used for
deparaffinization?
a. Xylene
b. 70% alcohol
c. 95% alcohol
d. Acetone
a. Xylene
The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______.
a. 10 to 15 micra
b. 4 to 6 micra
c. 2.0 micra
d. 0.5 micra
d. 0.5 micra
The following are all descriptions attributed to Carnoy’s fluid, except:
a. Used also to fix brain tissue for the
diagnosis of rabies
b. The most rapid fixative
c. None of these choices.
d. Excellent fixative for glycogen
e. Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies
c. None of these choices.
The required fixation time of the most rapid fixative is:
a. 30 minutes
b. At least 4 hours
c. 10-15 minutes
d. 1-3 hours only
d. 1-3 hours only
Excessive exposure to benzene may damage the bone marrow resulting in:
a. Hemoglobinopathies
b. Iron deficiency anemia
c. Aplastic anemia
d. Thalassemia
c. Aplastic anemia
Ringing is the process of sealing the margins of the coverslip. The reason/s for doing this process is/are:
a. All of the above
b. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts
c. To immobilize the coverslip
d. To prevent sticking of the slides upon
storage
a. All of the above
EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of what infiltrating medium?
a. Paraffin
b. Gelatin
c. Plastic
d. Celloidin
c. Plastic
The Warthin-Starry method of staining is used for the demonstration of:
a. Fungi
b. Elastic fibers
c. Viruses
d. Spirochetes
d. Spirochetes
Excessive mounting medium will cause it to ooze out of the sides of the cover glass, and should be carefully wiped with a fine cloth moistened with:
a. Formalin
b. Water
c. Xylene
d. Bleach
e. Melted paraffin
c. Xylene
All of these are bluing agents, except:
a. Sat. lithium carbonate
b. Ammonia water
c. Acid alcohol
d. None of these
c. Acid alcohol
The phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) stain is useful for the demonstration of:
a. Muscle striations
b. Cholesterol crystals
c. Reticulin
d. Sputum cells
a. Muscle striations
The best general tissue fixative:
a. 5% formic acid
b. Glutaraldehyde
c. 10% formalin
d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin
d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin
While examining a Papanicolaou smear, the pathologist observed the presence of pear-shaped microorganisms that stain blue-green with a slit-like eccentric nucleus. The said organism is probably:
a. Entamoeba coli
b. Gardnerella vaginalis
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Trichomonas vaginalis
The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s Egg Albumin is to:
a. Stabilize the preparation
b. Prevent fungal overgrowth
c. Prevent bacterial overgrowth
d. Prevent drying
b. Prevent fungal overgrowth
EA 50, used in Pap’s staining, is a polychrome stain composed of three stains which include all of the following, except:
a. Hematoxylin
b. Bismarck Brown
c. Light Green SF
d. Eosin Y
a. Hematoxylin
After performing the routine H and E staining, the expected color of the red blood cells, eosinophilic granules and keratin is:
a. Pale pink
b. Purplish pink
c. Bright orange-red
d. Deep pink
c. Bright orange-red
During the fixation of cytological smears, the following precautions should be observed:
- Identify the slides before preparing the smears
- Use paper clips to the identified end of the slide before preparing smears.
- Smears should be placed into the fixative container immediately after preparation.
- Avoid striking the bottom of the
fixative container forcefully.
a. 1 and 3
b. 1,2,3,4
c. 2 and 4
d. 2,3,4
b. 1,2,3,4
Which of the following stains is used for
lipoprotein electrophoresis?
a. Ponceau S
b. Oil Red O
c. Coomasie Brilliant Blue
d. Amido Black
b. Oil Red O
These are brownish black granules produced by unstable formaldehyde fixatives as a result of the reaction between formic acid and hemoglobin:
a. Hemozoin
b. Paraformaldehyde
c. Osmic acid crystals
d. Acid formaldehyde hematin
d. Acid formaldehyde hematin
Should the clearing agent turned milky as soon as the tissue was placed in it, the most probable reason for this is:
a. Incomplete dehydration
b. Insufficient impregnation
c. Prolonged fixation
d. Prolonged dehydration
a. Incomplete dehydration
The MedTech experienced difficulty in section cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What is the probable reason for this problem?
a. Dirty knife
b. Delayed fixation
c. Insufficient infiltration
d. Insufficient clearing
d. Insufficient clearing
The ideal time for a decalcification process to be completed is between:
a. 24-48 hrs.
b. 10-18 hrs.
c. 30-60 mins.
d. 3-5 days
a. 24-48 hrs.
Which of the following may be used for
hemoglobin staining?
a. Gentian violet
b. Benzidine
c. Iodine
d. Congo red
b. Benzidine
One of these can be used as a decalcifying agent and as a tissue softener:
a. Phloroglucin-nitric acid
b. Formic acid
c. Perenyi’s fluid
d. Hydrochloric acid
c. Perenyi’s fluid
Frozen section is used for the following purposes, except:
a. Fat demonstration
b. Rapid diagnosis
c. Enzyme histochemistry
d. Amyloid demonstration
d. Amyloid demonstration
Jelly-like clots in effusions submitted for
cytology may be prevented by using:
a. Chelating agents
b. Heparin
c. Isotonic saline
d. Citric acid
b. Heparin
Removal of formaldehyde or mercury pigments from tissue sections is performed before:
a. Fixation
b. Dehydration
c. Staining
d. Sectioning
c. Staining
If the tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, the most likely cause of this problem is:
a. Incomplete impregnation
b. Prolonged fixation
c. Incomplete clearing
d. Incomplete fixation
d. Incomplete fixation
Smear prepared for cytologic examination from cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be obtained by:
a. Pull apart
b. Spreading
c. Touch preparation
d. Streaking
c. Touch preparation
Eosin is a red acid dye routinely used in
histopathology as a counterstain after
hematoxylin and before:
a. Basic fuchsin
b. Methyl green
c. Methylene blue
d. Congo red
c. Methylene blue
Autopsy materials should be preserved as soon after death as possible. If this cannot be done, the body should be placed in a refrigerator kept at:
a. 8 C
b. 4 C
c. 10 C
d. 1 C
b. 4 C
The main purpose of fixation is to:
a. Promote the attachment of fluids
b. Preserve the morphology of cells
c. Promote the attachment of stains or dyes
d. Harden the tissue from further trauma
b. Preserve the morphology of cells
The correct fixative-to-tissue ratio is:
a. 1:30
b. 1:20
c. 30:1
d. 20:1
d. 20:1
For calcium, the best stain is:
a. Von Kossa stain
b. Congo stain
c. Prussian blue
d. Silver nitrate
a. Von Kossa stain
In tissue processing, a brittle or hard tissue may be because of:
a. Prolonged paraffin infiltration
b. Overheated paraffin oven
c. Prolonged fixation
d. All of these
e. Prolonged clearing
d. All of these
The black osmic acid crystals from Flemming’s solution may be removed from the tissues by adding:
a. Sodium thiosulfate
b. Cold water
c. Alcohol
d. Sodium chloride
b. Cold water
The temperature of the melted paraffin used for embedding is:
a. 56 C above its melting point
b. 10 to 15 C above its melting point
c. 1 to 4 C above its melting point
d. 5-10 C above its melting point
d. 5-10 C above its melting point
All of the following are classified as aldehyde fixatives, except:
a. 10% formol saline
b. Orth’s fluid
c. Glutaraldehyde
d. Formol-corrosive
b. Orth’s fluid
The most difficult step to remedy in the
preparation of a high quality microscopic slide of tissue is:
a. Poor staining
b. Improper sectioning
c. Incorrect section placement
d. Poor fixation
d. Poor fixation
Which of the following has no ability to make the tissues transparent?
a. Gum syrup
b. All of these
c. Glycerin
d. Chloroform
d. Chloroform
When using a spray fixative in preserving cytological smears, the slide should be kept at a distance of about:
a. 3 inches
b. 1.5 ft.
c. 6 inches
d. 12 inches
d. 12 inches
Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde and Acrolein are both used for:
a. Preservation of lipids
b. Plasma protein preservation
c. Clearing tissues
b. Plasma protein preservation
All of the following fixatives usually contain glacial acetic acid as their primary component, except:
a. Heidenhain’s SuS
b. Bouin’s fluid
c. Orth’s fluid
d. Carnoy’s fluid
c. Orth’s fluid
The plasma-thrombin method is a technique of preparing:
a. Adhesive
b. Decalcification technique
c. Cell block
d. Smears for cytology
c. Cell block
Which of the following is not considered as a clearing agent?
a. Both of these choices
b. None of these choices
c. Diethylene dioxide
d. Tetrahydrofuran
b. None of these choices
