FOURTH YELLOW Flashcards by Toni Mae Inductivo

Which of the following accelerates the speed of staining reaction?

a. Accentuator
b. Dye modifier
c. Lake
d. Mordant

a. Accentuator

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Which of the following fixatives is
recommended for fixing lymph glands, urgent biopsies, and chromosomes?

a. Methyl alcohol
b. Carnoy’s fluid
c. Newcomer’s fluid
d. Isopropyl alcohol

b. Carnoy’s fluid

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The most reliable and specific histochemical staining technique for the DNA is:

a. Methyl Green-Pyronin Technique
b. Bodian’s Stain
c. Feulgen Technique
d. Cajal’s Gold Sublimate

c. Feulgen Technique

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The mordant used for Mayer’s Hematoxylin is:

a. Mercuric oxide
b. Sodium iodate
c. Potash alum
d. Ferric chloride

c. Potash alum

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This is considered to be the best dehydrating agent in tissue processing:

a. Ethyl alcohol
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Butyl alcohol
d. Denatured alcohol

a. Ethyl alcohol

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This is the process of replacing the
dehydrating fluid with fluid that is miscible with both the dehydrating fluid and the impregnating or embedding medium:

a. Casting
b. Staining
c. Dealcoholization
d. Decolorization

c. Dealcoholization

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Bisphenol A, glycerol, and cyclohexene
dioxide are all examples of:

a. Clearing agent
b. Paraffin wax
c. Fixatives
d. Plastic impregnating media

d. Plastic impregnating media

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The ripening agent for the Harris Hematoxylin

a. Mercuric oxide
b. None of these
c. Sodium iodate
d. Potassium iodate

a. Mercuric oxide

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Glacial acetic acid must never be added to cytoplasmic fixatives because:

a. It destroys Golgi bodies.
b. Both of these choices
c. It destroys the mitochondria.

b. Both of these choices

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When wax has been reused, some water is mixed with it. In order to remove excess water, heat the wax to:

a. 80-90 C
b. 150-160 C
c. 100-105 C
d. 20 C above its melting point

c. 100-105 C

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In the routine H and E staining, the acid used in combination with the alcohol in the differentiator is the:

a. Sulfuric acid
b. Acetic acid
c. Formic acid
d. Hydrochloric acid

d. Hydrochloric acid

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Sputum specimens intended for cytological examination are considered satisfactory if:

a. There are many bacilli and columnar
cells.
b. There are no cells seen.
c. It is very viscous and sticky.
d. Alveolar macrophages are present.

d. Alveolar macrophages are present.

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This clearing agent is recommended for tough tissues. However, it is toxic to the liver after prolonged inhalation and it does not make the tissues transparent.

a. Aniline oil
b. Clove oil
c. Chloroform
d. Xylene

c. Chloroform

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The optimum working temperature for the cold microtome is:

a. Between -18 to -20 C
b. Between 10 to 15 C
c. Between 5 to 10 C
d. Between -5 to -10 C

a. Between -18 to -20 C

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Carazzi hematoxylin uses this kind of mordant:

a. Iron
b. Lead
c. Tungsten
d. Alum

d. Alum

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Complete the following sentence: “For routine histologic procedures, tissue sections are commonly cut between ________________ in thickness.”

a. 4 to 6 µ
b. 10 to 15 µ
c. 50 to 100 µ
d. 0.5 to 1.0 µ

a. 4 to 6 µ

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Which of the stains given below may be
utilized to show deposits of fibrin?

a. PAS
b. Congo Red Method
c. MSB Technique
d. Gram’s Iodine stain

c. MSB Technique

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Of the following commonly used methods of freezing, which one is considered to be the most rapid?

a. Carbon dioxide gas
b. Isopentane
c. Liquid nitrogen
d. Oxygen gas

c. Liquid nitrogen

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Saccomano’s fixative is composed of ethanol and:

a. Formaldehyde
b. 2% Carbowax
c. Xylene
d. Ether-formaldehyde

b. 2% Carbowax

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Which of the choices below is the correct
REHYDRATION SEQUENCE of tissue sections before hematoxylin staining?

a. 100% –>; 95% –>; 80% –>; 70%
ethanol –>; water
b. Water –>; 100% –>; 95% –>; 90% –>;
80% –>; water
c. Water –>; 70% –>; 80% –>; 90% –>;
95% –>; 100% ethanol
d. Acetone –>; 70% –>; 80% –>; 90% –>;
95% –>; Ethanol

a. 100% –>; 95% –>; 80% –>; 70%
ethanol –>; water

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It is probably the oldest of all stains, originally used for microscopic study of starch granules:

a. Orcein
b. Malachite green
c. Iodine
d. Methylene blue

c. Iodine

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The pathology blocks should be kept for:

a. 24 hours
b. 10 years
c. 1 year only
d. 2 years

b. 10 years

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Best Carmine solution is used to stain which of the following?

a. Mucins
b. C. neoformans
c. Glycogen
d. HbsAg

c. Glycogen

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Picric acid may be used as:

a. Fixative
b. Decalcifying agent
c. All of these
d. Stain

c. All of these

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For satisfactory fixation, the pH of the preservative should be within: a. pH 3.0 b. pH 7 only c. pH 4 d. pH 6-8 e. pH 9

d. pH 6-8

Ester wax has all of the following characteristics, except: a. It is soluble in water. b. None of these c. It is soluble in the dehydrating fluid. d. Its melting point is 46-48 C.

a. It is soluble in water.

This is considered as the best general decalcifying agent: a. EDTA b. Perenyi’s fluid c. 5% formic acid d. 10% BNF

c. 5% formic acid

This is considered as the most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes: a. Sudan III b. None of these c. Sudan IV d. Sudan Black

d. Sudan Black

The sectioning of ester wax-impregnated tissues should be performed on a: a. Rocking microtome b. Sliding microtome c. Freezing microtome d. Rotary microtome

b. Sliding microtome

The purpose of adding phenol to each of the 95% ethanol baths is: a. To remove the alcohol b. To soften tissues c. To enhance the staining process d. To harden tissues

b. To soften tissues

Using Lendrum’s MSB, old fibrin formations will stain: a. Yellow b. Blue c. Pink d. Red

b. Blue

It is considered to be the most rapid clearing agent, suitable for urgent biopsies which it clears within 15-30 minutes: a. Chloroform b. Clove oil c. Benzene d. Xylene

d. Xylene

Which of the following fixatives may also act as a dehydrating agent? a. Ethanol b. Formalin c. Orth’s fluid d. Glutaraldehyde

a. Ethanol

This is a weakly basic dye used as a contrast stain for staining ascaris eggs and red cells, and as a bacterial spore stain. It is also used both as a decolorizer and as a counterstain: a. Malachite green b. Neutral red c. Methylene blue d. Methyl green

a. Malachite green

For delicate tissues like embryos and animal tissues, it is recommended to start dehydrating with this concentration of ethanol: a. 15% b. 65% c. 45% d. 30% e. 55%

d. 30%

The color of OG-6 staining solution is: a. Dark purple to black b. Orange with a hint of green c. Olive green with a hint of brown and red d. None of these

b. Orange with a hint of green

For frozen section, the tissue should be sent to the laboratory: a. In 10% formalin b. In saline c. In Carnoy’s fixative d. Fresh and unfixed

d. Fresh and unfixed

All of the following are staining methods used for the demonstration of elastic fibers, except: a. Krajian’s method b. Gomori’s Aldehyde-Fuchsin stain c. Verhoeff’s stain d. None of these e. Taenzer-Unna Orcein method

d. None of these

The correct order of the steps involved in routine tissue processing is: a. Fixation, dehydration, impregnation, embedding, clearing , trimming, sectioning, staining, and mounting b. Fixation, dehydration, clearing, impregnation, embedding, trimming, sectioning, staining, and mounting

b. Fixation, dehydration, clearing, impregnation, embedding, trimming, sectioning, staining, and mounting

Which of the following fixatives is useful in the preservation of sputum specimens? a. Methanol b. Formol-saline c. Newcomer’s fluid d. Alcoholic formalin

d. Alcoholic formalin

It permits brilliant metachromatic staining of cells and is the routine fixative of choice for the preservation of cell details in tissue photography: a. Formalin b. Lead acetate c. Mercuric chloride d. Picrates

c. Mercuric chloride

In the routine H and E method: a. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are pale pink b. The nucleus is pale pink, cytoplasm is blue c. The nucleus and the cytoplasm are blue d. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale pink

d. The nucleus is blue, cytoplasm is pale pink

All of these statements are true for regressive staining, except: a. It requires a differentiator. b. When dye is taken up by the tissue, it is not decolorized. c. Tissue is first overstained, then excess stain is subsequently removed. d. It may be used for routine staining of tissues.

b. When dye is taken up by the tissue, it is not decolorized.

The appropriate temperature for fixing surgical specimens is: a. 37 C b. Room temperature c. Freezing temperature d. Refrigerator temperature

b. Room temperature

This is the most important reaction for maintaining tissue appearance: a. Stabilization of proteins b. Stabilization of carbohydrates c. Stabilization of fats d. All of the choices

a. Stabilization of proteins

The kind of acid present in the formula of Von Ebner’s fluid is: a. Formic acid b. Hydrochloric acid c. Nitric acid d. Trichloroacetic acid

b. Hydrochloric acid

Markers in Immunohistochemical Tech. that is useful in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from mesotheliomas a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1) b. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) c. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) d. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) e. Actin

a. TTF-1 (Thyroid transcription factor-1)

An machine for embedding with a defective thermostat (i.e., uncontrolled high temperature) will produce tissues which are: a. Hard and brittle b. Lighter than its original color c. Soft and fleshy d. Darker than its original color

a. Hard and brittle

Which of the following is NOT a decalcifying agent? a. Carnoy’s fluid b. Von Ebner’s fluid c. Perenyi’s fluid d. None of these

a. Carnoy’s fluid

Synthetic dyes are derived from benzene and are collectively known as: a. Carminic dyes b. Aniline dyes c. Natural dyes d. Carbonic dyes

b. Aniline dyes

This group of fixatives produces excessive yellow staining of tissues: a. Alcohols b. Picrates c. Acetone d. Chromates e. Aldehydes

b. Picrates

Which of the following may not be used to ripen hematoxylins? a. Potassium aluminum sulfate b. Ferric chloride c. Sodium iodate d. Mercuric oxide

a. Potassium aluminum sulfate

Glacial acetic acid is combined with many other fixing agents to: a. Decrease chemical dislocations b. Retain identical cell structure c. Inhibit shrinking of cells d. Inhibit swelling of cells

c. Inhibit shrinking of cells

What is the optimum temperature of the water bath that is used to float tissue cut from the microtome? a. 30 C b. 37 C c. 45-50 C d. 50-56 C

c. 45-50 C

Which of the following terms is synonymous to embedding? a. Dealcholization b. Orientation c. Infiltration d. Blocking

d. Blocking

Which of the following is used for deparaffinization? a. Xylene b. 70% alcohol c. 95% alcohol d. Acetone

a. Xylene

The ultrathin microtome is chiefly utilized for cutting tissue (very thin sections) at _______. a. 10 to 15 micra b. 4 to 6 micra c. 2.0 micra d. 0.5 micra

d. 0.5 micra

The following are all descriptions attributed to Carnoy’s fluid, except: a. Used also to fix brain tissue for the diagnosis of rabies b. The most rapid fixative c. None of these choices. d. Excellent fixative for glycogen e. Recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies

c. None of these choices.

The required fixation time of the most rapid fixative is: a. 30 minutes b. At least 4 hours c. 10-15 minutes d. 1-3 hours only

d. 1-3 hours only

Excessive exposure to benzene may damage the bone marrow resulting in: a. Hemoglobinopathies b. Iron deficiency anemia c. Aplastic anemia d. Thalassemia

c. Aplastic anemia

Ringing is the process of sealing the margins of the coverslip. The reason/s for doing this process is/are: a. All of the above b. To prevent the escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts c. To immobilize the coverslip d. To prevent sticking of the slides upon storage

a. All of the above

EPON, Spurr, and Araldite are examples of what infiltrating medium? a. Paraffin b. Gelatin c. Plastic d. Celloidin

c. Plastic

The Warthin-Starry method of staining is used for the demonstration of: a. Fungi b. Elastic fibers c. Viruses d. Spirochetes

d. Spirochetes

Excessive mounting medium will cause it to ooze out of the sides of the cover glass, and should be carefully wiped with a fine cloth moistened with: a. Formalin b. Water c. Xylene d. Bleach e. Melted paraffin

c. Xylene

All of these are bluing agents, except: a. Sat. lithium carbonate b. Ammonia water c. Acid alcohol d. None of these

c. Acid alcohol

The phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) stain is useful for the demonstration of: a. Muscle striations b. Cholesterol crystals c. Reticulin d. Sputum cells

a. Muscle striations

The best general tissue fixative: a. 5% formic acid b. Glutaraldehyde c. 10% formalin d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin

d. 10 % buffered neutral formalin

While examining a Papanicolaou smear, the pathologist observed the presence of pear-shaped microorganisms that stain blue-green with a slit-like eccentric nucleus. The said organism is probably: a. Entamoeba coli b. Gardnerella vaginalis c. Entamoeba histolytica d. Trichomonas vaginalis

d. Trichomonas vaginalis

The purpose of thymol crystals in Mayer’s Egg Albumin is to: a. Stabilize the preparation b. Prevent fungal overgrowth c. Prevent bacterial overgrowth d. Prevent drying

b. Prevent fungal overgrowth

EA 50, used in Pap’s staining, is a polychrome stain composed of three stains which include all of the following, except: a. Hematoxylin b. Bismarck Brown c. Light Green SF d. Eosin Y

a. Hematoxylin

After performing the routine H and E staining, the expected color of the red blood cells, eosinophilic granules and keratin is: a. Pale pink b. Purplish pink c. Bright orange-red d. Deep pink

c. Bright orange-red

During the fixation of cytological smears, the following precautions should be observed: 1. Identify the slides before preparing the smears 2. Use paper clips to the identified end of the slide before preparing smears. 3. Smears should be placed into the fixative container immediately after preparation. 4. Avoid striking the bottom of the fixative container forcefully. a. 1 and 3 b. 1,2,3,4 c. 2 and 4 d. 2,3,4

b. 1,2,3,4

Which of the following stains is used for lipoprotein electrophoresis? a. Ponceau S b. Oil Red O c. Coomasie Brilliant Blue d. Amido Black

b. Oil Red O

These are brownish black granules produced by unstable formaldehyde fixatives as a result of the reaction between formic acid and hemoglobin: a. Hemozoin b. Paraformaldehyde c. Osmic acid crystals d. Acid formaldehyde hematin

d. Acid formaldehyde hematin

Should the clearing agent turned milky as soon as the tissue was placed in it, the most probable reason for this is: a. Incomplete dehydration b. Insufficient impregnation c. Prolonged fixation d. Prolonged dehydration

a. Incomplete dehydration

The MedTech experienced difficulty in section cutting and the tissue appears opaque. What is the probable reason for this problem? a. Dirty knife b. Delayed fixation c. Insufficient infiltration d. Insufficient clearing

d. Insufficient clearing

The ideal time for a decalcification process to be completed is between: a. 24-48 hrs. b. 10-18 hrs. c. 30-60 mins. d. 3-5 days

a. 24-48 hrs.

Which of the following may be used for hemoglobin staining? a. Gentian violet b. Benzidine c. Iodine d. Congo red

b. Benzidine

One of these can be used as a decalcifying agent and as a tissue softener: a. Phloroglucin-nitric acid b. Formic acid c. Perenyi’s fluid d. Hydrochloric acid

c. Perenyi’s fluid

Frozen section is used for the following purposes, except: a. Fat demonstration b. Rapid diagnosis c. Enzyme histochemistry d. Amyloid demonstration

d. Amyloid demonstration

Jelly-like clots in effusions submitted for cytology may be prevented by using: a. Chelating agents b. Heparin c. Isotonic saline d. Citric acid

b. Heparin

Removal of formaldehyde or mercury pigments from tissue sections is performed before: a. Fixation b. Dehydration c. Staining d. Sectioning

c. Staining

If the tissue is soft when the block is trimmed, the most likely cause of this problem is: a. Incomplete impregnation b. Prolonged fixation c. Incomplete clearing d. Incomplete fixation

d. Incomplete fixation

Smear prepared for cytologic examination from cut surfaces of lymph nodes can be obtained by: a. Pull apart b. Spreading c. Touch preparation d. Streaking

c. Touch preparation

Eosin is a red acid dye routinely used in histopathology as a counterstain after hematoxylin and before: a. Basic fuchsin b. Methyl green c. Methylene blue d. Congo red

c. Methylene blue

Autopsy materials should be preserved as soon after death as possible. If this cannot be done, the body should be placed in a refrigerator kept at: a. 8 C b. 4 C c. 10 C d. 1 C

b. 4 C

The main purpose of fixation is to: a. Promote the attachment of fluids b. Preserve the morphology of cells c. Promote the attachment of stains or dyes d. Harden the tissue from further trauma

b. Preserve the morphology of cells

The correct fixative-to-tissue ratio is: a. 1:30 b. 1:20 c. 30:1 d. 20:1

d. 20:1

For calcium, the best stain is: a. Von Kossa stain b. Congo stain c. Prussian blue d. Silver nitrate

a. Von Kossa stain

In tissue processing, a brittle or hard tissue may be because of: a. Prolonged paraffin infiltration b. Overheated paraffin oven c. Prolonged fixation d. All of these e. Prolonged clearing

d. All of these

The black osmic acid crystals from Flemming’s solution may be removed from the tissues by adding: a. Sodium thiosulfate b. Cold water c. Alcohol d. Sodium chloride

b. Cold water

The temperature of the melted paraffin used for embedding is: a. 56 C above its melting point b. 10 to 15 C above its melting point c. 1 to 4 C above its melting point d. 5-10 C above its melting point

d. 5-10 C above its melting point

All of the following are classified as aldehyde fixatives, except: a. 10% formol saline b. Orth’s fluid c. Glutaraldehyde d. Formol-corrosive

b. Orth’s fluid

The most difficult step to remedy in the preparation of a high quality microscopic slide of tissue is: a. Poor staining b. Improper sectioning c. Incorrect section placement d. Poor fixation

d. Poor fixation

Which of the following has no ability to make the tissues transparent? a. Gum syrup b. All of these c. Glycerin d. Chloroform

d. Chloroform

When using a spray fixative in preserving cytological smears, the slide should be kept at a distance of about: a. 3 inches b. 1.5 ft. c. 6 inches d. 12 inches

d. 12 inches

Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde and Acrolein are both used for: a. Preservation of lipids b. Plasma protein preservation c. Clearing tissues

b. Plasma protein preservation

All of the following fixatives usually contain glacial acetic acid as their primary component, except: a. Heidenhain’s SuS b. Bouin’s fluid c. Orth’s fluid d. Carnoy’s fluid

c. Orth’s fluid

The plasma-thrombin method is a technique of preparing: a. Adhesive b. Decalcification technique c. Cell block d. Smears for cytology

c. Cell block

Which of the following is not considered as a clearing agent? a. Both of these choices b. None of these choices c. Diethylene dioxide d. Tetrahydrofuran

b. None of these choices