Oncology Terminology

Question 1

neoplasm

Answer 1

new growth (benign or malignant)

Question 2

tumor

Answer 2

nonspecific; lump or swelling

Question 3

cancer

Answer 3

any malignant neoplasm (new growth)

Question 4

hyperplasia

Answer 4

increase in organ or tissue size due to increase in the number of cells

Question 5

metaplasia

Answer 5

substitution of one adult tissue tyle into another type of adult tissue

Question 6

dysplasia

Answer 6

an abnormal cellular proliferation in which there is a loss of normal cell architexture

Question 7

Anaplasia

Answer 7

a loss of structural differentiation; cells dedifferentiate

Question 8

carcinoma

Answer 8

Epithelial origin: malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelial cell origin

Question 9

adenocarcinoma

Answer 9

epithelial origin: malignant neoplasm derived from glandular tissue

Question 10

sarcoma

Answer 10

malignant neoplasm with origin in bone, muscle, or fat

Question 11

lymphoma/leukemia

Answer 11

malignant neoplasms of blood

Question 12

melanoma

Answer 12

cancer of pigment producing cells (skin or eye)

Question 13

Blastoma

Answer 13

malignancies in precursor cells (developing cells in children)

Question 14

teratoma

Answer 14

germ cell neoplasm made of several differentiated cell/tissue types (in germ/reproductive cells)

Question 15

staging of carcinomas (solid tumors)

Answer 15

0: no sign of local invasion
I: microscopic invasion of surrounding tissue
II: 4-9 surrounding lymph nodes are involved
III: 10 or more surrounding lymph nodes are involved
IV: distant metastases detected

Question 16

TNM Staging (T)

Answer 16

TX: cannot be evaluated
T0: No evidence of primary tumor
Tis: abnormal cells present but have not spread to neighboring tissue
T1, T2, T3, T4: size and/or extent of primary tumor

Question 17

TNM Staging (N)

Answer 17

Lymph node involvement
NX: cannot be evaluated
N0: no regional lymph node involvement
N1, N2, N3: Number and location of lymph node involvement

Question 18

TNM Staging (M)

Answer 18

Metastases
MX: cannot be evaluated
M0: no distant metastases
M1: distant metastases present

Question 19

Tumor grading scale

Answer 19

measures level of differentiation of the tumor cells
Gx: cannot be assessed
G1: well differentiated
G2: moderately differentiated
G3: Poorly differentiated
G4: undifferentiated

Question 20

tumor suppressor genes

Answer 20

produce proteins that block the activity of cyclins

Question 21

drug efflux pumps

Answer 21

P-glycoprotein, multi-drug resistance associated protein (MRP)

Question 22

What is the Philadelphia chromosome?

Answer 22

Translocation creating the Bcr-Abl gene (in 95% of CML)

Question 23

type I kinase inhibitor

Answer 23

binds to ATP binding site in active conformation

Question 24

type II kinase inhibitor

Answer 24

binds to ATP binding site in the inactive conformation

Question 25

Type III kinase inhibitor

Answer 25

Binds to an allosteric binding site

Question 26

what is the substem for a mouse antibody

Answer 26

-o

Question 27

what is the substem for a chimeric antibody

Answer 27

-xi

Question 28

what is the substem for a humanized antibody

Answer 28

-zu

Question 29

what is the substem for a human antibody

Answer 29

-u

Question 30

what is BRACA classified as?

Answer 30

tumor suppressor

Question 31

What is HER2?

Answer 31

a proto-oncogene