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Rad 390 > Oncology Nursing > Flashcards

Oncology Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

About how many women will develop cancer?

A

1/3

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2
Q

About how may men will develop cancer?

A

1/2

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3
Q

Cancer contributes to _/4 deaths.

A

1

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4
Q

Cancer ____ to heart disease as the most common cause of death.

A

2nd

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5
Q

Cancer will grow as long as it has ____ and _____.

A

nutrients and space

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6
Q

What is a cancer cell?

A

uncontrollable growth of irregular cells

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7
Q

Disorganized growth

A

dysplasia

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8
Q

increased cellularity

A

hyperplasia

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9
Q

abnormal appearing of cells

does not mean malignant

A

metaplasia

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10
Q

variance of size and shape of cell

A

pleomorphism

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11
Q

Good: has appearance of cell they originated from
Bad: Cannot tell where it came from (progressed cancers)

A

Differentiation

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12
Q

Cancer Cells:

A
  1. poor cell differentiation
  2. Invades other tissues
  3. Grow at new sites
  4. Avoid immune system
  5. Autonomy
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13
Q

Study of cancer

A

idiology

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14
Q

stops cells from proliferating

A

tumor suppressor genes

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15
Q

How do cancer cells get started?

A
  1. Exposure to carcinogens
  2. initiation
  3. promotion
  4. progression
  5. metastasis
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16
Q

Exposure to Carcinogens:

  1. incomplete-?
  2. complete-?
A

Incomplete- requires same cell to be exposed again after initiation.
Complete- directly causes the cancer

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17
Q

3 Stage Theory:

  1. initiation-?
  2. promotion-?
  3. progression-?
A
  1. Initiation- start with altered cell
  2. Promotion- enhances, alters, and lets it change
  3. Progression- neoplasm (new cell)
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18
Q

oncogene

A

controls for cancer cell

19
Q

proto oncogene

A

controls proliferation of a normal cell

20
Q

the grade of the cell = ?

A

the level of differentiation

21
Q

How do cancers grow?

A
  1. Reproducing cells

2. Doubling time

22
Q

Doubling time:

30 doublings = ?

23
Q

What is the earliest a cancer can be detected on an x-ray?

A

30 doublings (1 cm)

24
Q

How many doublings lead to death?

25
Q

Cancer can also be detected by:

A

A change in blood counts

26
Q

Cancer cells have to complete the cell cycle.

Do they have a restriction?

27
Q

What is doubling time?

A

The time it takes for the cell to double in size

28
Q

Is a tumor cell just one type of cell?

What is it called?

A

no

Tumor Heterogeneity

29
Q

How do cancers metastasize?

5 ways

A
  1. Invasion of adjacent tissues
  2. Enter blood and lymph vessels ***
  3. Invasion/ evasion of immune system
  4. Reentrance into distant tissue
  5. Implantation of malignant cells in new tissue AKA seeding
30
Q

when cancer cells break away from original tumor and are in blood cells

A

intravasation

31
Q

certain tumor cells go to a certain distant site

32
Q

tumor creates its own blood supply

A

angiogenesis

33
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

lung

A

liver, adrenal glands, bone, brain

34
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

breast

A

lymph, bone, lung, liver

35
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

stomach

36
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

anus

A

liver, lungs

37
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

bladder

A

lungs, bone, liver

38
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

prostate

A

bone, liver, lungs

39
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

Uterine cervix

A

lungs, bone, liver

40
Q

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least

colon

A

liver (direct hepatic drainage)

41
Q

What are the three patterns of cancer occurrence?

A
  1. Sporadic ***
  2. Inherited
  3. Familial cancer
42
Q

certain cancers happen in families- not genetic

prone to that type of disease

A

familial cancer

43
Q

a faulty repair gene

5% of breast cancer

Rad 390 (8 decks)

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