Oncology Nursing

Question 1

About how many women will develop cancer?

Answer 1

1/3

Question 2

About how may men will develop cancer?

Answer 2

1/2

Question 3

Cancer contributes to _/4 deaths.

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Cancer ____ to heart disease as the most common cause of death.

Answer 4

2nd

Question 5

Cancer will grow as long as it has ____ and _____.

Answer 5

nutrients and space

Question 6

What is a cancer cell?

Answer 6

uncontrollable growth of irregular cells

Question 7

Disorganized growth

Answer 7

dysplasia

Question 8

increased cellularity

Answer 8

hyperplasia

Question 9

abnormal appearing of cells

does not mean malignant

Answer 9

metaplasia

Question 10

variance of size and shape of cell

Answer 10

pleomorphism

Question 11

Good: has appearance of cell they originated from
Bad: Cannot tell where it came from (progressed cancers)

Answer 11

Differentiation

Question 12

Cancer Cells:

Answer 12

1. poor cell differentiation
2. Invades other tissues
3. Grow at new sites
4. Avoid immune system
5. Autonomy

Question 13

Study of cancer

Answer 13

idiology

Question 14

stops cells from proliferating

Answer 14

tumor suppressor genes

Question 15

How do cancer cells get started?

Answer 15

1. Exposure to carcinogens
2. initiation
3. promotion
4. progression
5. metastasis

Question 16

Exposure to Carcinogens:

1. incomplete-?
2. complete-?

Answer 16

Incomplete- requires same cell to be exposed again after initiation.
Complete- directly causes the cancer

Question 17

3 Stage Theory:

1. initiation-?
2. promotion-?
3. progression-?

Answer 17

1. Initiation- start with altered cell
2. Promotion- enhances, alters, and lets it change
3. Progression- neoplasm (new cell)

Question 18

oncogene

Answer 18

controls for cancer cell

Question 19

proto oncogene

Answer 19

controls proliferation of a normal cell

Question 20

the grade of the cell = ?

Answer 20

the level of differentiation

Question 21

How do cancers grow?

Answer 21

1. Reproducing cells

2. Doubling time

Question 22

Doubling time:

30 doublings = ?

Answer 22

1 cm

Question 23

What is the earliest a cancer can be detected on an x-ray?

Answer 23

30 doublings (1 cm)

Question 24

How many doublings lead to death?

Answer 24

40

Question 25

Cancer can also be detected by:

Answer 25

A change in blood counts

Question 26

Cancer cells have to complete the cell cycle. | Do they have a restriction?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

What is doubling time?

Answer 27

The time it takes for the cell to double in size

Question 28

Is a tumor cell just one type of cell? | What is it called?

Answer 28

no | Tumor Heterogeneity

Question 29

How do cancers metastasize? | 5 ways

Answer 29

1. Invasion of adjacent tissues 2. Enter blood and lymph vessels *** 3. Invasion/ evasion of immune system 4. Reentrance into distant tissue 5. Implantation of malignant cells in new tissue AKA seeding

Question 30

when cancer cells break away from original tumor and are in blood cells

Answer 30

intravasation

Question 31

certain tumor cells go to a certain distant site

Answer 31

homing

Question 32

tumor creates its own blood supply

Answer 32

angiogenesis

Question 33

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | lung

Answer 33

liver, adrenal glands, bone, brain

Question 34

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | breast

Answer 34

lymph, bone, lung, liver

Question 35

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | stomach

Answer 35

liver

Question 36

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | anus

Answer 36

liver, lungs

Question 37

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | bladder

Answer 37

lungs, bone, liver

Question 38

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | prostate

Answer 38

bone, liver, lungs

Question 39

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | Uterine cervix

Answer 39

lungs, bone, liver

Question 40

Common Metastatic Sites of Primary Tumors:most to least | colon

Answer 40

liver (direct hepatic drainage)

Question 41

What are the three patterns of cancer occurrence?

Answer 41

1. Sporadic *** 2. Inherited 3. Familial cancer

Question 42

certain cancers happen in families- not genetic | prone to that type of disease

Answer 42

familial cancer

Question 43

a faulty repair gene | 5% of breast cancer

Answer 43

inherited