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Rad 390 > Cancer Prevention and Detection > Flashcards

Cancer Prevention and Detection Flashcards

1
Q

Between __% and __% of all cancers are associated with lifestyle.

A

60 and 70

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2
Q

Most preventable cause of cancer

A

cigarette smoking

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3
Q

measure of occurrence in population over time

A

absolute risk

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4
Q

someone with risk vs. someone without risk

A

relative risk

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5
Q

amount of disease caused by a specific risk factor and prevention if change in population

A

attributable risk

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6
Q

side stream smoke accounts for ___% of cancer

A

20-30

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7
Q

___-___% of all cancers diagnosed are hereditary

A

5-10

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8
Q

two or more generations diagnosed with the same or related forms of cancer

A

hereditary cancer

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9
Q

hereditary tumors

A

early age of onset
occurrence of rare tumors
bilateral, multifocal, or multiple primary tumors in one or more family members

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10
Q

Med Term: adeno

A

glandular

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11
Q

Med Term: eithelial

A

carcinoma

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12
Q

Med Term: oma

A

tumor

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13
Q

Med Term: leio

A

smooth

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14
Q

Med Term: myo

A

muscle

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15
Q

Med Term: sarcomas

A

connective tissue

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16
Q

Med Term: hemato

A

blood

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17
Q

Classifications of Neoplasms:

Glandular Epithelium

A

Benign- adenoma

Malignant- adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

Classifications of Neoplasms:

squamous epithelium

A

Benign- papilloma

Malignant- squamous cell carcinoma

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19
Q

Classifications of Neoplasms:

connective tissue- smooth muscle

A

Benign- leiomyoma

Malignant- leiomyosarcoma

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20
Q

Classifications of Neoplasms:

hematopoietic

A

Benign-

Malignant- leukemia

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21
Q

Classifications of Neoplasms:

lymphoreticular

A

Benign-

Malignant- lymphoma

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22
Q

Classifications of Neoplasms:

neural

A

Benign- neuroma

Malignant- blastoma

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23
Q

Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites:

oral cavity

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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24
Q

Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites:

pharynx

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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25
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | lung
squamous cell carcinoma | adenocarcinoma ***
26
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | breast
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
27
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | colon and rectum
adenocarcinoma
28
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | anus
squamous cell carcinoma
29
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | cervix
squamous cell carcinoma
30
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | endometrium
adenocarcinoma
31
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | prostate
adenocarcinoma
32
Histologies assoc. w/ common anatomical cancer sites: | brain
astrocytoma
33
Three Levels of cancer prevention
1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Tertiary
34
Measures taken early to prevent cancer from taking place | ex) change in lifestyle
primary
35
specific populations refers to testing and identifying more susceptible ex) screenings- should be sensitive and specific when and when not present
secondary
36
refers to the prevention of the disease
tertiary
37
dietary recommendations to reduce cancer risks
1. avoid overeating, maintain ideal body weight 2. reduce fat intake 3. fruits and veggies that provide fiber 4. minimize intake of salt cured, smoked, and nitrate cured (stomach and esophageal) 5. limit consumption of alcohol (oral cavity cancer)
38
number of new cases
incidence rate
39
number of deaths
mortality rate
40
proportion of patience alive at some point after their diagnosis
survival rate
41
measures proportion of the population who have cancer at a specified point or during an interval of time
prevalence
42
Include fatality rates only for those who have the disease
case- fatality rate
43
What are the most common cancers in males?
1. Prostate 20% 2. Lung 3. Colon and rectum
44
What is the most common type of cancer?
skin cancer
45
Incidence rates of cancer in men
1. Black 2. White 3. American indians/ native americans have lowest
46
Most common cancers in females?
1. breast 30% 2. lung and bronchus 3. colon and rectum
47
Incidence rates of cancer in women
1. white 2. blacks 3. hispanics 4. asian/ specific islander 5. american indian/ native american have lowest
48
Tests for colorectal screenings
1. FOBT- annually 2. Flexible sigmoidoscopy- 5 years 3. Double Contrast BE- 5 years 4. Colonoscopy- 10 years 5. Combo of FOBT and flex sig- 5 years ***
49
Breast Cancer screening
1. Breast self exam @ 20, 5-7 after cycle 2. Clinical breast exam 3. mommograpy @ 40
50
Components of a BSE
1. visual exam in mirror 2. palpation in the shower 3. palpation in the supine position on the bed
51
Serum Tumor Markers
increased because of cancer | evaluated by blood
52
Serum Tumor Markers- examples: | Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
hepatocellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, teritoma, embryonal cells
53
``` Serum Tumor Markers- examples: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ```
colon, rectum, pancreas, stomach, lung, breast, ovary
54
Serum Tumor Markers- examples: | CA-125
epithelial, ovarian, breast, colorectal
55
Serum Tumor Markers- examples: | CA-15-3
breast
56
Serum Tumor Markers- examples: | CA-19-9
colorectal, pancreas, stomach, liver
57
Serum Tumor Markers- examples: | Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
choriocarcinoma, germ cell tumor, testicular, types of cysts
58
Serum Tumor Markers- examples: | Prostate- specific antigen (PSA)
Prostate
59
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | local spread
Benign- expanding, pushing | Malignant- infiltrative and invasive
60
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | distant spread
Benign- rare | Malignant- metastasize early or late by lymphatics, blood, or seeding
61
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | differentiation
Benign- well differentiated | Malignant- well differentiated to undifferentiated
62
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | mitotic activity
Benign- normal | Malignant- normal to increased mitotic rate
63
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | morphology
Benign- normal | Malignant- normal to pleomorphic
64
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | effect on host
Benign- little (depending on treatment and location of tumor) Malignant- life threatening
65
General Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Disease: | doubling time
Benign- normal | Malignant- normal to accelerated

Rad 390 (8 decks)

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