Leukemia Flashcards
1
Q
What is leukemia
A
a cancer of the blood forming elements
2
Q
What are the two types of leukemia
A
acute: immature cells- more aggressive
chronic: mature and functioning cells
- can be some younger cells
- mainly in myloid stem cells
3
Q
leukemia more common in ____
A
men
4
Q
clones abnormal _____ cells in _____ and _____
A
hematopoetic, bone marrow, lymph tissue
5
Q
The two types of acute leukemia
A
AML and ALL
6
Q
AML also ANLL
A
myeloid incidence rate increases exponentially after 40 median age diagnosed is 67 40% cure rate left untreated, can die with in months frequency same in all decades of life more common in whites more common in men conduction and consolidation -chemotherpay
7
Q
ALL
A
most common in children 30% of all cases in children most common childhood cancer 25% of all childhood malignancies peak between 2-4 and again after 50 1-4, 9x higher incidence rate than 20-24 more common in males identical twins, 100% incidence induction, consolidation, and maintenance disease sometimes goes to brain -intrathecal chemo
8
Q
risk factors for acute leukemia
A
exposure to ionizing radiation exposure to chemicals chemotherapy genetics viruses (HIV, risk increased 10x b/w 30-70)
9
Q
___% of AML cases correlated to smoking
A
20
10
Q
Early/ Late symptoms for Acute
A
fatigue weakness bruising bleeding from the gums nose bleeds infection and fever malaise, dyspnea, bone pain, wt loss, skin lesions headaches light headed dizziness tachy cardia hypersensitivity to cold exercise intolerance nausea, constipation impotence
11
Q
How is Acute diagnosed
A
abnormal blood count
bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
CXR to identify any physical mass
>30% blast cells, gives us diagnosis
12
Q
Prognostic Factors
A
- older patients that are ill do worse
- elevated blood cell counts
- sepsis
- CNS involvement
- leukemia from myelodysplastic syndrome (preleukemias)
13
Q
what is the 5 year survival rate?
A
26% survival
