Oncology Flashcards
Which is an indication for partial cystectomy for bladder cancer?
A. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Urachal adenocarcinoma
C. Tumours of the posterior bladder wall
D. Tumours more than 3 cm from the bladder neck
B. Urachal adenocarcinoma
Which group of prostate cancer patients may be accurately staged and thereby avoid other investigative modalities?
A. Patients with clinical stage T1-T3a with a PSA < 20 ng/ml
B. Patients with Gleason score < 7 and PSA < 12 ng/ml
C. Patients with Gleason score < 4, PSA < 10, clinical stage T1-T2c
D. Patients with PSA below 15 ng/ml, Gleason score < 7, localised clinical stages
C. Patients with Gleason score < 4, PSA < 10, clinical stage T1-T2c
Most renal cell carcinomas are nowadays detected by:
A. MRI
B. CT scan
C. Ultrasound
D. Angiography
C. Ultrasound
Cryosurgery for prostate cancer can be used as a secondary procedure after:
A. Cryosurgery
B. Brachytherapy
C. External beam radiotherapy
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The most common early complication after nephron sparing surgery is:
A. Urinary fistula
B. Acute renal failure
C. Renal vein thrombosis
D. Post-operative bleeding
D. Post-operative bleeding
In tissue derrived from prostates of locally progressive prostate cancer (PCA) under anti-androgen treatment, the androgen receptor is:
A. Absent in line with low androgen levels
B. Present only in the reamaining BPH tissue
C. Expressed in the PCA tissue only prior to endocrine treatment
D. Over-expressed in the progressive PCA tissue in spite of castrate levels of androgens in the blood
D. Over-expressed in the progressive PCA tissue in spite of castrate levels of androgens in the blood
What is the advantage of a spectorscopic analysis in magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer?
A. Detection of extraprostatic disease
B. Analysis of vascularisation in prostate tissue
C. Metabolic information regarding prostate tissue
D. Improvement of morphological analysis of prostate tissue
C. Metabolic information regarding prostate tissue
How is PCA3 associated with biopsy outcome?
A. PCA3 is positive in men with biopsy proven cancer
B. PCA3 is negative in men with biopsy proven prostate cancer
C. Increasing PCA3 is associated with increasing risk of cancer on biopsy
D. Increasing PCA3 is associated with decreasing risk of cancer on biopsy
C. Increasing PCA3 is associated with increasing risk of cancer on biopsy
The recommended treatment for aptients with advanced RCC, whose disease progressed on or after treatment with VEGF-targeted therapy, is:
A. Sorafenib
B. Everolimus
C. Bevacizumab
D. Temsirolimus
B. Everolimus
Binding of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, such as leuprorelin, causes a supra-physiological elevation (surge) of which hormone?
A. Testosteron
B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which complication is linked to adrenalectomy for pheocromocytoma?
A. Aortic lesion
B. Hyperglycaemia
C. Adrenal insufficiency
D. Hypertensive episodes and arrythmias
D. Hypertensive episodes and arrythmias
In which histologic subtype of renal carcinoma are mutation or deletion on chromosome 3 the most common?
A. Clear cell
B. Papillary
C. Chromophobe
D. Medullary cell
A. Clear cell
Approximately how many prostate cancer patients receiveing LHRH analogue do NOT achieve a level of testosterone < 20 ng/mol?
A. 0-10%
B. 20-40%
C. 50-70%
D. 80-90%
B. 20-40%
By how much is the risk of malignancy in an unilateral udescended testis increased?
A. 5x
B. 15x
C. 30x
D. 45x
A. 5x
Which statement is correct?
A. Currently two cycles of BEP is the standard of care for amediastinal seminoma
B. Currently two cycles of BEP is the standard of care for non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumours
C. Currently four cycles of BEP coupled with radiotherapy are the standard of care for a mediastinal seminoma
D. The prognosis for patients with primary retroperitonel germ cell tumours is better than for mediastinal primary tumours
D. The prognosis for patients with primary retroperitonel germ cell tumours is better than for mediastinal primary tumours
Alfa fetoprotein (AFP) is a serum marker used in testicular cancer. What is the mean serum half-life of AFP?
A. 2-3 days
B. 5-7 days
C. 10-14 days
D 21-28 days
B. 5-7 days
Transperineal three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy (3D-PMB):
A. Provides more accurate tumour localisation
B. Provides less accurate tumour localisation
C. Has increased morbidity
D. Provides less accurate Gleason grading
A. Provides more accurate tumour localisation
Which statement concerning urothelial carcinomas is correct?
A. The initial diagnosis is in most cases of an advanced stage
B. They have a weak correlation between tumour grade and tumour stage
C. They may be associated with cigarette smoking, but this is rare and can be disregarded
D. They are associated with cigarette smoking, due to carcinogenic derivatives from cigarettes that are concentrated in the urin
D. They are associated with cigarette smoking, due to carcinogenic derivatives from cigarettes that are concentrated in the urin
Endometrial cell presence in fomrations outside the uterus is called:
A. Polypus
B. Endometritis
C. Endometriosis
D. Uretral caruncle
C. Endometriosis
Patients with obstructing stones and urosepsis should undergo:
A. Conservative management with antibiotics
B. Urgent percutaneous drainage or ureteral stenting
C. Ureteroscopy, laser lithotripsy and ureteral stent insertion
D. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy if the stone is below 1 cm
B. Urgent percutaneous drainage or ureteral stenting
Urinaly bladder cancer with metastasis of > 2 cm in a single common iliac aretry lyph node is:
A. N0
B. N1
C. N2
D. N3
D. N3
Renal cancer extending beyond Gerota’s fascia but not invading ipsilateral adrenal gland is:
A. T3a
B. T3b
C. T3c
D. T4
D. T4
Renal cancer with multiple regional lymph node metastases of > 5 cm is:
A. N1
B. N2
C. N3
D. M1
A. N1