Miscellaneous Flashcards
The major regulators of cell proliferation and death for the normal prostate are:
A. Androgens
B. Oestrogens
C. Peptides growth factors alone
D. Androgens and peptide growth factors
A. Androgens
PSA belongs to the following class of enzymes:
A. Serine proteases
B. Tyrosine kinases
C. Alkaline phosphatases
D. Reverse transcriptases
A. Serine proteases
TachoSil is a sterile ready-to-use absorbable patch which consists of:
A. Cyanoacrylates
B. Human thrombin
C. Bovine fibrinogen
D. Absorbable gelatin sponges
B. Human thrombin
Which vein drains into the left renal vein?
A. Lumbar vein
B. Left gonadal vein
C. Left suprarenal vein
D. Left gonadal and suprarenal vein
D. Left gonadal and suprarenal vein
During which period is the rate of prostatic growth at its highest?
A. During fetal development
B. From birth to puberty
C. During puberty
D. During young adulthood
C. During puberty
The activationof the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system results in:
A. Vasodilatation
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Sodium excretion
D. Potassium retention
B. Vasoconstriction
The andrenal medulla cells secrete:
A. Epinephrine
B. Norepinephrine and dopamine
C. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
D. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
D. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
One of the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism is:
A. Protein catabolism
B. Increased bone formation
C. Reduction of glomerular filtration
D. Promotion of inflammatory activity
A. Protein catabolism
The right adrenal vein drains into:
A. Vena porta
B. Phrenic vein
C. Right renal vein
D. Inferior vena cava
D. Inferior vena cava
What is the most common complication of laparoscopic adrenalectomy?
A. Bleeding
B. Renal injury
C. Liver damage
D. Spleen damage
A. Bleeding
What is the gold standard imaging procedure for assessment of the upper urinary tract?
A. PET scan
B. Urography
C. Ultrasonography
D. Multidetector computed tomographic urography
D. Multidetector computed tomographic urography
What is the proper method to define a stricture in the bulbar urethra?
A. Ultrasound
B. Urethroscopy
C. Retrograde urethrography
D. Antegrade + retrograde urethorography
D. Antegrade + retrograde urethorography
What is the most likelly mechanism of action of hydroxyzine in patients suffering from Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS)?
A. Sedative effects
B. Antiallergic effect
C. Anxiolytic influence
D. Antidepressive influence
B. Antiallergic effect
Who was the first surgeon to hold a Chair in Urology and was known as “the father of urology”?
A. Felix Guyon (1831-1920)
B. Jean Civiale (1796-1867)
C. Auguste Nelaton (1807-1873)
D. Maximilian Nitze (1848-1906)
A. Felix Guyon (1831-1920)
Although there are no specific laboratory values associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis, most of the patients show:
A. Low serum albumin levels
B. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C. Elevation of serum liver function enzymes
D. Elevation of serum creatin phosphokinase (CPK)
B. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Which portion of the urethra is NOT considered a part of the anterior urethra?
A. Bulbar urethra
B. Glanular urethra
C. Pendulous urethra
D. Membranous urethra
D. Membranous urethra
Which statement concerning the male urethra is correct?
A. It is surrounded by the corpus cavernosum
B. The anterior urethra has sphincter-like actions
C. The internal sphincter is incapable of maintaining continence
D. The external urethral sphincter is composed of both smooth and striated muscle
D. The external urethral sphincter is composed of both smooth and striated muscle
Some of the innervation of the lower urinary tract will consist of:
A. Parasympathetic hypogastric nerve that acts via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
B. Parasympathetic hypogastric nerve that acts via the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
C. Parasympathetic pelvic plexus that acts via the neruotransmitter acetylcholine
D. Parasympathetic pelvic plexus that acts via the neruotransmitter norepinephrine
C. Parasympathetic pelvic plexus that acts via the neruotransmitter acetylcholine
Where is the origin of the iliohypogastric nerve located?
A. In the brainstem
B. At Th 6- Th10 level
C. At Th 10- L2 level
D. At L 1 level
C. At Th 10- L2 level
What risk stratification system for metastatic renal cell carcinoma is recommended by EAU Renal Cell Carcinoma guidelines as a best option?
A. RENAL scoring system
B. Only histological factors and staging by TNM classification
C. The International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC)
D. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)
C. The International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC)
