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Year 4 MBChB > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common tumour causing bone metastases?

A

Prostate

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2
Q

What is the most common site for bone metastases?

A

Spine

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3
Q

What is a specific carcinogen for hepatocelllular carcinoma?

A

Aflatoxin ( produced by aspergillus)

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4
Q

How does cyclophosphamide work?

A

Causes cross-linking of DNA

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

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6
Q

What are adverse effects of methotrexate?

A

Myelosuppression, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis

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7
Q

Which type of lung cancer is typically peripheral?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

How is agitation managed in palliative care?

A

Haloperidol

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10
Q

How are hiccups managed in palliative care?

A

Chlorpromazine

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11
Q

How do you convert oral codeine to oral morphine?

A

Divide by 10

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12
Q

How do you convert oral tramadol to oral morphine?

A

Divide by 10

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13
Q

How do you convert oral morphine to oral oxycodone?

A

Divide by 1.5

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14
Q

How do you convert oral morphine to subcut diamorphine?

A

Divide by 2

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15
Q

How do you convert oral morphine to subcut diamorphine?

A

Divide by 3

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16
Q

How do you convert oral oxycodone to subcut diamorphine?

A

Divide by 1.5

17
Q

How are secretions managed in palliative care?

A

Hyoscine Butylbromide SC 20mg hourly

18
Q

What are the features of spinal cord compression?

A

Back pain,(may be worse on lying down and coughing), lower limb weakness, sensory changes, absent reflexes at level of lesion, increased below

19
Q

How is spinal cord compression managed?

A

High dose oral dexamethasone, consider radiotherapy or surgery

20
Q

What are features of spinal metastases?

A

unrelenting back pain, worse with sneezing, coughing, or straining, nocturnal, associated with tenderness

21
Q

What are features of SVC obstruction?

A

SOB, swelling of face, neck, and arms, headache, visual disturbance, pulseless jugular venous distension

22
Q

How is an SVC obstruction generally managed?

A

Dex, balloon venoplasty, stenting

23
Q

What is CA 125 a tumour marker for?

A

ovarian cancer

24
Q

What is CA 19-9 a tumour marker for?

A

Pancreatic cancer

25
Q

What is CA 15-3 a tumour marker for?

A

Breast cancer

26
Q

What is PSA a tumour marker for?

A

Prostate cancer

27
Q

What is AFP a tumour marker for?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma

28
Q

What is CEA a tumour marker for?

A

Colorectal cancer

29
Q

What is S-100 a tumour marker for?

A

Melanoma, schwannomas

Year 4 MBChB (3 decks)

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