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NCLEX Pharm > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are antineoplastic medications?

A

They are medications that kill or inhibit the reproduction of neoplastic (tumor) cells.
They are used to cure, increase survival time, and decrease life-threatening complications.

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2
Q

General side effects of antineoplastic medications

A

Mucositis, alopecia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, infertility, neuropathy

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3
Q

General lab monitoring of antineoplastics

A

Monitor CBC (especially WBC and platelets) and electrolytes

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4
Q

What are the dangerous levels of platelets? (yellow and red zones)

A

Yellow zone: less than 50,000 mm3 (50 x 10(x9)/L), this level can cause prolonged bleeding from even minor trauma.
Red zone: less than 20,000 mm3 (20 x 10(x9)/L), this level can cause spontaneous and uncontrollable bleeding.

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5
Q

What signs do we monitor for thrombocytopenia?

A

Look for petechiae, ecchymoses (dark, bruised skin), bleeding gums and nosebleeds

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6
Q

What safety must nurses follow for chemo medications (4 general parameters)

A

Prepare in air vented space, wear PPE, discard used supplies in biohazard container, monitor for phlebitis or extravasation,

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7
Q

What are the signs of an anaphylactic reaction? (10)

A

Dyspnea, chest tightness, hives, tachycardia, dizziness, anxiety, flushed appearance, hypotension, decreased sensation, cyanosis

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8
Q

What are Alkylating medications?

- What are the 3 sub-types

A

Medications that break the DNA helix, interfering with DNA replication. They are cell phase non-specific.

  • Nitrogen Mustard
  • Nitrosoureas
  • Alkalytic-like medications
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9
Q

General side effects of Alkylating medications

A

Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, rash

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10
Q

Name the (7) medications that are Nitrogen Mustards

A

Bendamustine, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, estramustine, mechlorethamine, melphalan

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11
Q

Name the (3) medications that are Nitrosoureas

A

Carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin

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12
Q

Name the (8) medications that are Alkylating-like meds

A

Altretamine, busulfan, carboplatin, cisplatin, dacarbazine, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, thiotepa

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13
Q

What specific side effect does Busulfan have?

A

Hyperuricemia

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14
Q

What specific side effects do Chlorambucil and Mechlorethamine have?

A

Gonadal supression and hyperuricemia

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15
Q

What side effects does Cisplatin have?

A

Ototoxicity, tinnitus, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

What side effects does Cyclophosphamide have?

A

Alopecia, gonadal suppression, hemmorhagic cystitis and hematuria

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17
Q

What side effect does Ifosamide have?

A

Nephrotoxicity

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18
Q

What must be administered with Ifosfamide to prevent cystitis?

A

Must administer Mesna

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19
Q

Special consideration for cyclophosphamide PO

A

Must be administered without food

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20
Q

What is antitumor antibiotic medication?

A

Medication that interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis .

They are cell phase non-specific.

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21
Q

Name the (9) medications that are antitumor antibiotics

A

Bleomycin sulfate, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitomycin, Mitoxantrone, Valrubicin

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22
Q

General side effects of antitumor antibiotics

A

Nausea, vomiting, fever, bone marrow depression, rash, alopecia, stomatitis, gonadal suppression, hyperuricemia, vesication

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23
Q

What side effects does Daunorubicin have?

A

Heart failure and dysrhythmias

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24
Q

What side effects do Doxyrubicin and Idarubicin have?

- What might be given concurrently to reduce these effects

A

Cardiotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, electrocardiographic changes.
- Dexrazoxane is cardioprotective

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25
Q

What side effect does Bleomycin have?

A

Pulmonary toxicity

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26
Q

What are antimetabolite medications?

A

Medications that halt the synthesis of cell protein, their presence impairs cell division.
They are cell phase specific, affecting the S phase

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27
Q

General side effects of antimetabolite medications

A

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia, stomatitis, depression of bone marrow.

28
Q

What are the (19) antimetabolite medications?

A

Azacitidine, Capecitabine, Cladribine, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Floxuridine, Fludarabine, Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Hydroxyurea, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Nelarabine, Pemetrexed, Pentostatin, Pralatrexate, Thioguanine, Uracil

29
Q

What side effects does Cytarabine have?

A

Alopecia, stomatitis, hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity

30
Q

What side effects does Fluorouracil have?

A

Alopecia, stomatitis, diarrhea, phototoxicity, cerebellar dysfunction

31
Q

What side effects does Mercaptopurine have?

A

Hyperuricemia and Hepatotoxicity

32
Q

What side effects does Methotrexate have?

A

Alopecia, stomatitis, hyperuricemia, photosensitivity, hepatoxicity, hematological, gastrointestinal and skin toxicity

33
Q

What might be administered with Methotrexate to reduce possibility of toxicity

A

Leucovorin

34
Q

What are Mitotic inhibitor?

- What are the 2 sub-types?

A

Medications that prevent mitosis, causing cell death.
They are M cell phase specific.
- Vinca Alkaloids
- Taxanes

35
Q

General side effects of Mitotic inhibitors

A

Leukopenia, neurotoxicity, ptosis, hoarseness, motor instability, anorexia, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, stomatitis, hyperuricemia,

36
Q

Name the (3) medications that are Vinca Alkaloids

A

Vinblastine sulfate, Vincristine sulfate, Vinorelbine

37
Q

Name the (2) medications that are Taxanes

A

Docetaxel and Paclitaxel

38
Q

What are Topoisomerase inhibitors?

A

Meds that block an enzyme needed for DNA synthesis and cell division.
They are cell phase specific, affecting phase G2 and S

39
Q

General side effects of Topoisomerase inhibitors

A

Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, diarrhea, alopecia, orthostatic hypotension,

40
Q

What are hormonal medications?

- Name the 5 sub-types

A

Meds that suppress the immune system and block normal hormones in hormones-sensitive tumors slowing their growth rate.

  • Estrogens
  • Antiestrogens
  • Antiandrogens
  • Progestins
  • Others
41
Q

Name the (4) Topoisomerase inhibitors

A

Etoposide, Irenotecan, Teniposide, Topotecan

42
Q

Name the (2) Estrogens

A

Estramustine, Ethinyl Estradiol

43
Q

Name the (7) Antiestrogens

A

Anastrozole, Exemestane, Fulvestrant, Letrozole, Raloxifine, Tamoxifen citrate, Toremifene

44
Q

Name the (6) Antiandrogens

A

Bicalutamide, Flutamide, Goserelin acetate, Histrelin, Nilutamide, Triptorelin

45
Q

Name the (2) Progestins

A

Medroxyprogesterone and Megestrol acetate

46
Q

Name the (3) ‘Other’ hormonal medications

A

Asparaginase, Leuprolide acetate, Mitotane

47
Q

General side effects of hormonal medications

A

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, impaired pancreativ function, sex characteristic alteraion, hot flashes, weight gain, HTN, edema,

48
Q

What side effects does Mitotane have?

A

Hemmhorragic cystitis, hypouricemia, hypercholesterolemia

49
Q

What side effects does Tamoxifen have?

A

Edema, hypercalcemia, elevated cholesterol and elevated triglyceride levels. May decrease effect of estrogen.

50
Q

What must we monitor with Asparaginase?

A

Must monitor pancreatic function

51
Q

What are immunomodulator drugs?

- Name the 3 sub-types

A

Meds that stimulate the immune system torecognize cancer cells and take action to eliminate or destroy them.

  • basic immunomodulator agents
  • common monoclonal antibodies
  • small molecule inhibitors
52
Q

What are Interleukins?

A

Type of cell that helps immune cells to recognize and destroy abnormal body cells,

53
Q

Whar are interferons?

A

Cell that slows tumor cell division, stimulates proliferation and causes cancer cells to differentiate into nonproliferative cells.

54
Q

What are colony stimulating factors?

- Name the 4 sub-types

A

Medications that induce raid bone marrow recovery after supression by chemotherapy

  • Granulocyte-Macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
  • Erythropoietin
  • Thrombopoietic growth factor
55
Q

Name the (6) basic immunomodulators

A

Aldesleukin, Interferon alfa-2a, inerferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-n3, recombinant interferon alfa-2a, recombinant alfa-2b,

56
Q

Name the (7) common monoclonal antibodies

A

Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Ibritumomab, Infliximab, Panitumumab, Rituximab, Trastuzumab

57
Q

Name the (10) Small molecule inhibitors

A

Bortezomib, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib, lapatinib, nilotinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus

58
Q

Name the Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

A

Sargramostim

59
Q

Name the (2) granulocyte colonony stimulating factors

A

Filgrastim and Pegfilgrastim

60
Q

Name the (2) Erythropoeitins

A

Epoetin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa

61
Q

Name the Thrombopoietic growth factor

A

Oprelvekin

62
Q

What is target therapy?

A

Medications used as targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that target a cellular element of the cancer cell

63
Q

What is Altretamine?

A

Cytotoxic agent used to treat ovarian cancer

64
Q

What is Denileukin Diftitox?

A

Recombinant DNA-derived med used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma

65
Q

What is Pegaspargase?

A

Med used in combination chemotherapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in clients unable ot take Asparaginase

66
Q

What is Bexarotene?

A

Med used to treat advacne stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

NCLEX Pharm (7 decks)

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