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NCLEX Pharm > Integumentary > Flashcards

Integumentary Flashcards

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1
Q

What kind of medications are used to treat Poison Ivy?

A

Calamine lotion, aluminium acetate, colloidal oatmeal baths, topical or oral corticosteroids

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2
Q

What are Tacrolimus and Pimecrolimus creams?

What are they used for?

A

They are topical immunosuppressants.

They are used to treat atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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3
Q

What are side effects of topical immunosuppressants?

What are 2 major risks with taking them?

A

Redness, burning, itching, increased sensitivity to sunlight.
They increase risk of varicella infections in children, skin cancer, and lymphoma.

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4
Q

What are topical glucocorticoids?

A

anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictive medication used to treat various skin disorders

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5
Q

Localized adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids?

Major contraindication?

A

Burning, dryness, irritation, itching

Clients with recurrent systemic fungal, viral or bacterial infections (reduces body’s immune response).

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6
Q

Systemic adverse effects of extended use of topical glucocorticoids.
What must you monitor?

A

Growth retardation in children, adrenal suppression, Cushing’s syndrome, glaucoma and cataracts.
Must monitor cortisol levels.

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7
Q

What are Fluorouracil, Diclofenac sodium, imiquimod 5% cream, Aminolevulinic acid, and Ingenol Mebutate used for?

A

These are medication used to treat Actinic Keratosis (rough, scaly skin lesions).

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8
Q

What is Fluorouracil?

How long does it take to work?

A

A topical medication that affects DNA and RNA synthesis causing a sequence of response that promote healing.
Takes 2-6 weeks to work.

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9
Q

Adverse Effects of Fluorouracil

A

Itching, burning, inflammation. rash, and increased sensitivity to light.

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10
Q

What is Diclofenac Sodium?

How long does it take to work?

A

A non-steroidal antiinflammatory topical medication.

Takes up to 3 months to take effect.

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Diclofenac Sodium

A

Dry skin, itching, redness and rash

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12
Q

What is Imiquimod 5% cream?

How long does it take to work?

A

Topical medication that treats both actinic keratosis and venereal warts.
Takes up to 4 months to be effective.

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13
Q

Adverse effects of Imiquimod cream

A

Redness, skin swelling, itching, burning, sores, blisters, scabing and crusting of the skin.

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14
Q

What is Aminolevulinic acid?

How does it work?

A

Topical medication used in conjunction with phototherapy. Medication is applied and then 14-18hrs later is activated by exposing the medication to a special blue light.

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15
Q

Adverse effects of Aminolevulinic acid

A

Burning, stinging, redness, and swelling of the skin. Treated areas are to be kept away from sunlight and bright light.

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16
Q

What is Ingenol Mebutate?

A

Medication used to treat actinic keratosis.

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17
Q

Adverse effects of Ingenol Mebutate

A

skin reactions, erythema, flaking/scaling, crusting, swelling, postulation, and erosion/ulceration

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18
Q

What is the difference between organic and inorganic sunscreen?

A

Organic or chemical suncreen absorbs UV light.

Inorganic or physical sunscreen reflects and scatters UV light

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19
Q

How long before sun exposure must sunscreen be applied to be most affective?

A

30 minutes before going out in the sun

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20
Q

What is Tazarotene?

A

It is a vitamin A derivative used to treat psoriasis

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21
Q

Adverse effects of Tazarotene

A

itching, burning, stinging, dry skin, and redness. May cause sensitivity to sunlight.

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22
Q

What is Calcipotriene?

A

An analog of vitamin D used to treat psoriasis

23
Q

Side effect of Calcipotriene

A

May cause local irritation

24
Q

What is coal tar used for and how does this work?

A

It is used to treat psoriasis. It suppresses DNA synthesis, miotic activity, and cell proliferation.

25
Q

Adverse effects of coal tar

A

Irritation, burning, and stinging. Increased risk for cancer in high doses.

26
Q

What are keratolytics (ex: salicylic acid)?

A

Medication that softens scales and loosens the horny layer of the skin, resulting in minimal peeling to extensie desquamation.

27
Q

Side effects of salycilic acid

A

Can be absorbed systematically, causing dizziness, tinnitus, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances.

28
Q

What does sulfur do and what does it treat?

A

Promotes peeling and drying and is used to treat acne, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis.

29
Q

What is methotrexate used to treat and how does it work?

A

Treats psoriasis by reducing proliferation of epidermal cells

30
Q

Adverse effects of methotrexate

What must you monitor?

A

Digestive upset (diarrhea, nausea, etc), ulcerative stomatitis and bone marrow depression. Can also be hepatotoxic so must monitor liver function.

31
Q

Major contraindication for most systemic skin disorder medications?

A

MUST NOT BE PREGNANT!

Most of them are teratogenic.

32
Q

What is Acitretin?

A

Medication that inhibits keratinization, proliferation and differentiation of cells. Has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action.

33
Q

Side effects of Acitretin

What must be monitored?

A

Hair loss, skin peeling, dry skin, rash, pruritis, nail disorders, rhinitis, inflammation of the lips, dry mouth, bone and joint pain.
Must monitor liver function, and triglyceride levels.

34
Q

What is Cyclosporine?

A

An immunosuppressant that inhibits proliferation of B and T cells

35
Q

What kind of medications are Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab?

A

They are tumour-necrosis factor antagonists, they interrupt the inflammatory process of psoriasis.

36
Q

Adverse effects of tumor necrosis factors

A

upper respiratory infection, abdominal pain, headache, rash, UTIs

37
Q

What is Ustekinumab?

A

A human monoclonal antibody administered by subcutaneous route

38
Q

Side effects of Ustekinumab

A

Upper respiratory tract infections, headache, tiredness, redness at injection site, back pain and fatigue.

39
Q

What is Secukinumab?

A

It is a human interlukin-17A antagonist. Blocks cytokines to interrupt the inflammatory cycle of psoriasis.

40
Q

Adverse effects of Secukinumab

A

Cold symptoms, diarrhea, and upper respiratory infections

41
Q

What are Benzoyl peroxide, Cindamycin and Dapsone?

A

They are topical antibiotics that are used to treat acne.

42
Q

What is Tretinoin?

What is it used for?

A

A derivative of vitamin A. used to treat acne, as well as fine wrinkles, skin roughness, and hyperpigmentation.

43
Q

Adverse effects of Tretinoin

A

blistering, peeling, crusting, burning and swelling of the skin

44
Q

What is Adapalene?

A

Similar to Tretinoin (vitamin A derivative) and sensitizes the skin to UV light.

45
Q

What is Tazarotene?

What is it used for?

A

It is a derivative of vitamin A.

Used to treat acne, wrinkles and psoriasis.

46
Q

What is Azelaic acid?

A

A topical retinoid used to treat acne

47
Q

What is Isotretinoin?

What is used for?

A

Derivative of vitamin A. Used to treat severe cystic acne in persons who have not responded to other therapies.

48
Q

Adverse effects of Isotretinoin

What must you monitor?

A

Nosebleeds, inflammation of lips or eyes, dryness or itching, stiffness of joints, rash, hair loss.
Must monitor triglyceride levels.

49
Q

What is the special consideration for women taking Isotretinoin?

A

They MUST partake in the ‘iPledge program’ which ensures no pregnant woman take the medication or get pregnant while taking it.

50
Q

What two hormonal medications are prescribed to women to treat acne?

A

Hormonal birth control and spironolactone

51
Q

What is Silver Sulfadiazine?

What is it used for?

A

It is a medication with broad spectrum antibiotic properties.
It is used to prevent sepsis in clients with burns

52
Q

Side effects of Silver Sulfadiazine

What must you monitor?

A

Rash, itching, blue-green skin discoloration, leukopenia and interstitial nephritis.
Must monitor the WBC for leukopenia.

53
Q

What is Mafenide Acetate?

What is it used for?

A

Water-soluble cream that is bacteriostatic for both gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
Used to treat burns to reduce the bacteria present in avascular tissues.

54
Q

Adverse effects of Mafenide acetate

What must you monitor?

A

Local pain, rash, bone marrow depression, hemolytic anemia, metabolic acidosis.
Must monitor ABG and electrolytes for acidosis.

NCLEX Pharm (7 decks)

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