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Ortho Boards > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common site of pathological fracture secondary to boney mets

A

proximal femur

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2
Q

What cell signalling molecule is defective in fibrous dysplasia

A

G-protein

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3
Q

Recurrence of chondrosarcoma is directly related to activity of what

A

telomerase

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4
Q

RB gene

A

retinobalstoma

osteosarcoma

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5
Q

sarcoma, breast cancer oncogene

A

p53

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6
Q

chondrosarcoma, melanoma, osteosarcoma oncogene

A

p16ink41

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7
Q

Colon adenomas, desmoid tumors

A

APC (familial adenomatous polyposis)

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8
Q

NF1

A

neurofibromas

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9
Q

EXT1/EXT2

A

hereditary exostosis

chondrosarcomas

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10
Q

t(11, 22)

A

Ewing, PNET

EWS, FLI

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11
Q

t(X, 18)(p11;p11)

A

synovial cell

SYT, SSX

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12
Q

x(12;22)(p13;a12)

A

clear cell sarcoma

EWS, AFT1

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13
Q

t(2;13)(p35;q14)

A

rhabdomyosarcoma
PAX3
FKHR

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14
Q

t(12;16)(q13;p11)

A

myxoid liposarcoma

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15
Q

Benefit of pre-op rads

A

higher risk of wound complications
lower risk of fibrosis
lower dose of radiation

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16
Q

most common site of oteoid osteoma

A

proximal femur

increased prostaglandins

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17
Q

most common benign tumor of the hand

A

enchondroma

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18
Q

pain associated with enchondroma

A

chondrosarcoma

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19
Q

ollier’s disease

A

multiple enchondromas; no genetic inheritance
dysplastic bones with bowing
high risk of metastatic conversion (30%)

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20
Q

maffucci’s syndrome

A

multiple enchonromas
associated with angiomas
calcified phleboliths, visceral malignancy
malignant conversion 100%

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21
Q

encondroma conversion to chondrosarcoma

A

50% endosteal scalloping

> 5cm (larger size)

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22
Q

chondroblastoma characteristics

A

like GCT, physeal
occur with ABC, consider clear cell chondrosarcoma
need to CT chest (treat mets with surgery)
intralesional curettage with bone graft
phenol as an adjunct, 10% recurrence

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23
Q

Risk of using liquid nitrogen as an adjunct

A

stress fracture

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24
Q

FGF-R3

A

fibrous dysplasia

may be present with mcune-albright or oncogenic osteomalacia

25
Q

mcCune-Albright

A

polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (unilateral)
coast of maine - cafe au lait
precocious puberty

26
Q

Mazabraud syndrome

A

fibrous dysplasia

intramuscular myxomas

27
Q

Jaffe-capanccini syndrome

A

NOF
metal retardation
cafe au lati
heart, eyes, gonads

28
Q

vertebral planae

A

eosinophilic granuloma

29
Q

treatment of EG

A

isolated - injection methylprednisolone acetate
Curettage if biopsy necessary
vertebral planae - treat with brace
disseminated disease - chemo (bad prognosis with visceral invovlement)

30
Q

Fluid-fluid levels on MRI

A

ABC

DDx
GCT
telangectatic osteosarcoma

31
Q

ABC treatment

A

intralesional curettage and bone graft
phenol
embolization of spinal or pelvic lesions

32
Q

UBC treatment

A

allow fracture to heal
methylprednisolone injection
intralesional curettage with bone graft/fixation

33
Q

when can you use embolization for GCT

A

pelvic, spinal lesions

pre-operatively

34
Q

What do you need to consider in work-up for GCT

A

mets to lungs

35
Q

most important prognostic indicator of osteosarc

A

tumor stage

36
Q

risk of recurrence following osteosarc resection

A

5%

37
Q

5 year survival of osteosarc

A

70%

mets or pelvis - 20%

38
Q

treatment of parosteal osteosarcoma

A

wide resection

most common location behind the knee

39
Q

pariosteal osteosarcoma treatment

A

chemo with wide resection

usually on the diphysis - sunburst

40
Q

CD99

A

Ewing sarcoma

41
Q

posterior elements spine tumors

A

osteoid osteoma
osteoblastoma
ABC

42
Q

Factors associated with risk of post-radiation fracture

A

female
>50
higher dose (>60)
periosteal reaction

43
Q

How to assess maturity of HO

A

radiographs

bone scan will still be positive
may take longer than 12 months

44
Q

Common radiation doses

A

HO - 6G
Mets - 30G
Soft tissue sarcoma - 60G

45
Q

Most common tumour found in the foot

A

synovial cell

46
Q

clinical appearance of angiosarcoma

A

often occurs in the hand
destructive lytic lesions with vascular invasion
CD31 is a sensitive marker

47
Q

CD31

A

angiosarcoma

48
Q

what are the urinary markers of pagets

A

Increased urinary N-telopeptide and alpha-C-telopeptide

49
Q

S100

A

nerve cell tumor
melanoma
clear cell sarcoma

50
Q

where does HO develop after amputation

A

when amputation occurs at the level of amputation

increased with blast

51
Q

prefered fixation for osteotomy in pagentoid bone

A

metaphyseal

plate fixation

52
Q

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressive

A

Rare, stone man disease

ACVR1 gene

53
Q

ACVRI gene

A

fibrodysplasia ossficians progressiva

Progressive HO (muscles, fascia, tendons, joints)
Great toe dysplasia
BMP4 is abnormal in this disease

54
Q

chemo

A 
Osteosarcoma
Ewings
synovial sarcoma
dediff chondro
mesenchymal chondro
55
Q

CD31

A

angiosarcoma

aggressive, lytic lesions
associated with polyvinyl chloride

56
Q

CD20 and CD45

A

lymphoma

57
Q

development of HO following knee dislocation is correlated to

A

ISS

58
Q

intramuscular myxoma treatment

A

wide resection

Ortho Boards (9 decks)

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