Oncology

Question 0

Why could lung cancer cause voice hoarseness?

Answer 0

Invasion of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralyses vocal cords

Question 1

Clinical presentation of lung cancer

Answer 1

Haemoptysis
Recurrent pneumonia
Volume loss
Stridor

Question 2

If a tumour invades the brachial plexus it is known as what? What is the sequence of events leading to this?

Answer 2

Pancoast tumour
Erodes through ribs
T1 root invasion

Question 3

Where are common sites of metastasis?

Answer 3

Brain
Liver
Bone
Adrenal gland
Skin

Question 4

What are the paraneoplastic effects of lung cancer?

Answer 4

Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
- Periosteum elevates from bone
Weight loss
Thrombophlebitis
Hyper calcareous
Hyponatraemia

Question 5

PTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 5

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 6

ACTH secreting lung tumour

Answer 6

Small cell Cancer

Question 7

Types of lung cancer?

Answer 7

Small cell carcinoma
Non-small cell
- Adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma

Question 8

Which type is most chemosensitive?

Answer 8

Small cell carcinoma

Question 9

Where are adenocarcinomas typically situated; centrally or peripherally?

Answer 9

Peripherally

Question 10

What is a carcinoid tumour?

Answer 10

Neuroendocrine neoplasm of low grade malignancy

Question 11

How can cancers be staged? (Investigations)

Answer 11

Bronchoscopy
Mediastinotomy
Brain CT
Thorax CT
PET scan