Oncology Flashcards
What are the most common bone met tumours and features of bone mets
Prostate, breast and lung
Places it affects: Spine, pelvis, ribs, skull, long bones
Pathological fractures
Hypercalcaemia
ALP raised
What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosupression
Transitional cell carcinoma
What are the features of BRCA 1 and 2
Risk of breast and ovarian cancer
BRCA 2 risk of prostate cancer in men
What are the features of lynch syndrome
Autosomal dominant
Colonic cancer and endometrial cancer at a young age
High risk individuals identified using Amsterdam criteria
What are the features of squamous cell lung cancer
Central
PTH secretion
Finger clubbing
Cavitating lesions
Hypertrophic pulmonary oeseoarthropathy
What are the features of adenocarcinoma lung cancer
Peripheral
Most common type in non smokers
What are the features of large cell lung carcinoma
Peripheral
Anaplastic poorly differentiated
Can secrete b-HCG
What are the features and management of neoplastic spinal cord compression
More common in its with lung breast and prostate cancer
Back pain- earliest symptoms
Lower limb weakness
Sensory loss and numb
Lesions above L1- UMN signs in legs and sensory issues
Lesions below L1- LMN signs in perks and perianal numbness - tendon reflexes increased below the lesion
Urgent whole MRI spine within 24 hrs
High dose oral dex
What are the features of superior vena cava obstruction
Oncological emergency
SOB, swelling of face neck and arms, headache worse in morning, visual disturbance, pulseless JVP distension
Endovascular stenting
What are the various tumour markers for
CA 125- ovarian
CA 19-9- Pancreatic
CA 15-3 - Breast
PSA- Prostate
AFP- Hepatocellular/ teratoma
CEA- Colorectal
S-100- Melanoma/ schwannoma
Bombesin- SCCL, gastric, neuroblastoma
