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Royal College Studying > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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1
Q

% AML vs ALL

A

80% AML, 20% ALL

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2
Q

Predisposition for childhood luekemia

A

T21, T21, T21, NF-1., Li-Fruameni, Bloom syndrome, Noonan syndrome
Bone marrow failure syndromes, - fanconi, dyskeratosis congentia, severe congenital hneutropneia, schwachmann diamond, DBA

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3
Q

How often is WBC normal in leukemia

A

50% fo the timw

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4
Q

Higher risk leuekmia

A

age <1 or >10, initial WBC >50%, CNS/testicular disease, ufnfavorable cytogenetics, poor response to treatment

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5
Q

Unfavorable cytogenetics

A

philidelphia, KMT2AR, hypodiploidy

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6
Q

Favorable leukemia cytogenetics

A

hypodiploidy (trisomy 4, 10), ETV6-RUNX1

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7
Q

Treatment for ALL

A

2.5 years, chemotherapy, rarely radiation therapy unless CNS relapse

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8
Q

AML trestment

A

6mo +/- allogenic HSCT

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9
Q

EFS for ALL

A

90%, slightly less for very high risk

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10
Q

AML EFS

A

20%

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11
Q

1 cancer age 15-19

A

lymphoma

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12
Q

Pathogneumonic cells for Hodgkins lymphoma

A

reed-sternberg cells

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13
Q

risk factors for Nonhogkins lymphoma

A

immunodeficiency, ataxia telangectasia, bloom syndrome, WAS< SCID, 2yo post BMT

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14
Q

Lymphoma staging

A

Stage 1- localized
Stage 2 - above dipahragm
Stage 3- below diaphragm
Stage 4- metastatci

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15
Q

worse prognostic factors for lymphoma

A

higher stage, B symptoms, bulky disease, extranodal extension

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16
Q

Parinaud syndrome

A

Convergence retraction nystagmus
Light near dissociation
upgaze paralysis
eyelid retraction
skew deviation

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17
Q

Where is the tumor with parinaud syndrome

A

pineal

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18
Q

collier sign

A

lid reetraction

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19
Q

diencephalic suyndrome

A

happy FTT kids, look for brain tumor

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20
Q

Most common tumor in cerebral hemispheres

A

astrocytoma, meningioma, PNET

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21
Q

most common tumpr in sella/chiams

A

craniohparyngioma, germ cell tumor, optic glioma

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22
Q

most common cerebellar tumor

A

medulloblastoma, e[endymoma, astrocytoma

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23
Q

modst common infant brain tumors

A

medulloblastoma, glioma, ependymom, DIPG, ATRT

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24
Q

Age for medulloblastoma

A

5-7

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25
Q

Age for choroid plexus tumors

A

75% under 2

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26
Q

Age for ATRT

A

66% under 3yo

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27
Q

Age for germ cell tumor (midline)

A

second decade

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28
Q

Predisposition for astrocytoma

A

NG-1 (optic gliomas), TS

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29
Q

Predisposition medulloblastoma

A

turcot syndrome,gorlin syndrome, li-fraumeni, fanconi

30
Q

average risk medulloblastoma

A

> 3, negative CSF, normal spine MRI, <1.5cm tumor residual undofferentiated

31
Q

Hwere does medulloblastoma met

A

spine, outside CNS

32
Q

Where does wilms met

A

lung, liver

33
Q

predisposition wilms tumor

A

familial WT1 gene mutation, beckwith wiedmann, WAGR, li-fraumeni, denys-drash, perlman

34
Q

most common solid extracranial tumor in children

A

neuroblastoma

35
Q

opsoclonus myoclonus ataxis is suggestive of

A

neuroblastoma

36
Q

how do you treat opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia

A

IVIG, steroids, ritux

37
Q

How to investigate neuroblastoma

A

urine catecholamines, CT/MRI of primary site, MIBG, biopsy, BMA

38
Q

neuroblastoma mets

A

bone, bone marrow, lymph nodes, slin, liver

39
Q

stage 4S neuroblastoma

A

<12mo with stage 1-2 dissemination limited to skin/liver/bone marrow

40
Q

good prognsosis for neuroblastoma

A

<12-18mo, stage 4S, higher DNA content in biology

41
Q

Osteoid osteoma x-ray findings

A

well defined lucency with surroudnibgg sclerotic bone

42
Q

chondroma x-ray

A

stalk projection

43
Q

What bone tumor gives you B symptoms

A

Ewing’s

44
Q

Extra test needed for ewings

A

bone marrow aspirate

45
Q

Where do yu get tumors in ewings

A

chest wall, pelvis, fibula/tibia (axial, below the knee)

46
Q

where osteosarcoma

A

distal femur, proximal tibia, humerus

47
Q

what part of bone ewings

A

diaphysis, metadiaphsysi

48
Q

what part of bone is osteosarcoma

A

metaphysis

49
Q

soft tissue component more ewings or osteo

A

ewings

50
Q

mtes for ewing

A

lung, bone, bone marrow

51
Q

osteo mets

A

lung, bone

52
Q

x-ray ewings

A

onion skinning

53
Q

osteochondroma x-rays

A

sunburst pattern

54
Q

Asparaginase side effects

A

anaphylaxis, coaguloapthy, pancreatitis

55
Q

cisplatin SE

A

fanconi syndrome, nephrotoxic, tinnitus, SNHL

56
Q

cyclophosphamide SE

A

hemorrhagic cystitis, infertility, 2nd malignancy

57
Q

cytarabine SE

A

fevers, rash, conjunctivitis

58
Q

doxorubicin SE

A

red secretions, acute arrhythmia, heart failure

59
Q

etoposide SE

A

allergic reaction, 2nd malignancy

60
Q

methotrexate SE

A

mucositis, transaminitis, neurotoxicity, leukoecephaloapthy, LD

61
Q

vincristine SE

A

constipation foot drop, jaw pain, peripheral neurpathy, SIADH

62
Q

Bloemycin SE

A

pulnonary fibrosis

63
Q

alkylating agents

A

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, busulfan, etoposide

64
Q

Predisposition CNS tumors

A

NF1, NF2, TSC, VHL, Forlin, Turcot syndrome

65
Q

RF hepatoblastoma

A

BW, FAP

66
Q

Risk factors hepatocellular carcinoma

A

alagille syndrome, hereditary tyrosinemia, NF1, AT, FA

67
Q

neuroblastoma predisposition

A

PHOX2B, BWS

68
Q

sarcomas predisposition

A

LFS, NF1, BWS, RB

69
Q

Transient myelporliferative disorder gene

A

GATA1

70
Q

High risk malignancies for Tumor lysis

A

burkitt lymhoma, other NHL, AML

71
Q

Mgmt tumor lysis

A

iv fluids, allopurinol. rasburicase

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