Oncology Flashcards
Changes in the body’s cells that allow these cells to grow out of control.
Cancer
Physical Therapy focuses on what for oncology patients?
- pain reduction
- functional activity
- exercise to facilitate highest functional level possible
Type of cancer of skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs
carcinoma
Type of cancer that affects bone, cartilage, fat muscles, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
sarcoma
Cancer in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord
CNS cancer
Cancer in the cells of the immune system
lymphoma
Cancer in the blood forming tissue, such as the bone marrow
Leukemia and myeloma
Types of Malignant Cancer
- carcinoma
- sarcoma
- leukemia
- lymphoma
ABCDE of skin cancer
Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Evolving
Environmental Risk Factors for Cancer
tobacco obesity sedentary lifestyle infections radiation stress pollutants diet excessive alcohol
What are the stages of Malignant Cancer?
stage 0: carcinoma in situ stage 1: localized stage 2: early locally advanced stage 3: late locally advanced stage 4: metastasized
Warning Signs of Cancer
Change in bowel or bladder habit A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast, other body parts Indigestion or difficulty of swallowing Obvious change in warts or moles Nagging cough or hoarseness of voice
What are the side effects of Chemotherapy?
- chemo “fog” - decreased memory, attention and focus
- nausea
- fatigue
- weight loss
- hair loss
- skin changes
- immunosuppression
What are the Kubler-Ross 5 stages of Grief?
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
The spread of a disease from one organ or body part to another that is not adjacent.
Metastasis
An abnormal growth of new tissue that completes for blood supply and nutrients. Serves no functional use.
Tumor or neoplasm
Medical condition in which there is a decreased amount of RBC in blood. Low Hgb
Anemia
Normal RBC levels for male and females
Male: 4.2 - m/ul
Female: 4.7 - 6.1 m/ul
Normal HGB levels for male and females
Male: 13.5 - 17g/100ml
Female: 12-16g/100ml
*anemic levels are below these values
What level of HGB would be a contraindication for Physical Therapy?
Hgb: < 8g/100ml
**8-10g/100ml Physical Therapy treatment to patient tolerance
Rapid progression of malignancy, higher incidence in children. Increased production of lymphocytes from the bone marrow and lymph nodes.
(ACL) Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Blood disorder where the bone marrow produces a high level of blood platelets and places patient at a high risk for a blood clot, stroke or heart attack.
Essential Thrombocythemia.
Signs and Symptoms of Leukemia
Abrupt onset of high fever Bleeding Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen Progressive weakness Fatigue Painful joints Anemia Leukocyte count > 500,000 mm3 Thrombocytopenia (decrease in blood platelets)
Leukemia Medical Treatments
Immunotherapy Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Human bone marrow transplant after chemotherapy Autologous bone marrow transplant
What are the common sites of Osteosarcomas?
- long bones of extremities
- proximal humerus
- pelvis
- jaw bone *occasional
- commonly in the metaphysis
- accounts for 15-20% of all bone tumors
- more prevalent in M vs F
Physical Manifestations that are contraindications for exercise with a cancer patient.
- ataxia
- weight loss (>35% of premorbid weight)
- dyspnea with exhaustion
- bone pain/severe pain
- extensive skeletal metastases
Physical Therapy Treatment goals for cancer patients
- return to highest level of function
- strength Neuro Re-Education
- ROM
- WB
- Gait training
- Mobility
- Balance
- Pain management
Parameters of Aerobic training for a cancer patient
- large muscle groups
- 40-65% of peak HR
- 3-5x week
- 30 minutes/day
Parameters of Strength training for a cancer patient
- isometric and light isotonic exercises
- gravity
- body weight
- free weights
- resistance bands
- machine progression
- reps: length of time/ shorten break between exercise
What are the differences between endogenous and exogenous cancer?
endogenous - genetic
exogenous - environmental or external
