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PTAP Woundcare > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in the body’s cells that allow these cells to grow out of control.

A

Cancer

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2
Q

Physical Therapy focuses on what for oncology patients?

A
  • pain reduction
  • functional activity
  • exercise to facilitate highest functional level possible
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3
Q

Type of cancer of skin or tissues that line or cover internal organs

A

carcinoma

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4
Q

Type of cancer that affects bone, cartilage, fat muscles, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.

A

sarcoma

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5
Q

Cancer in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS cancer

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6
Q

Cancer in the cells of the immune system

A

lymphoma

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7
Q

Cancer in the blood forming tissue, such as the bone marrow

A

Leukemia and myeloma

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8
Q

Types of Malignant Cancer

A
  • carcinoma
  • sarcoma
  • leukemia
  • lymphoma
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9
Q

ABCDE of skin cancer

A 
Asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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10
Q

Environmental Risk Factors for Cancer

A 
tobacco
obesity
sedentary lifestyle
infections
radiation
stress
pollutants
diet
excessive alcohol
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11
Q

What are the stages of Malignant Cancer?

A 
stage 0: carcinoma in situ
stage 1: localized
stage 2: early locally advanced
stage 3: late locally advanced
stage 4: metastasized
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12
Q

Warning Signs of Cancer

A 
Change in bowel or bladder habit
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast, other body parts
Indigestion or difficulty of swallowing 
Obvious change in warts or moles
Nagging cough or hoarseness of voice
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13
Q

What are the side effects of Chemotherapy?

A
  • chemo “fog” - decreased memory, attention and focus
  • nausea
  • fatigue
  • weight loss
  • hair loss
  • skin changes
  • immunosuppression
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14
Q

What are the Kubler-Ross 5 stages of Grief?

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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15
Q

The spread of a disease from one organ or body part to another that is not adjacent.

A

Metastasis

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16
Q

An abnormal growth of new tissue that completes for blood supply and nutrients. Serves no functional use.

A

Tumor or neoplasm

17
Q

Medical condition in which there is a decreased amount of RBC in blood. Low Hgb

A

Anemia

18
Q

Normal RBC levels for male and females

A

Male: 4.2 - m/ul
Female: 4.7 - 6.1 m/ul

19
Q

Normal HGB levels for male and females

A

Male: 13.5 - 17g/100ml
Female: 12-16g/100ml
*anemic levels are below these values

20
Q

What level of HGB would be a contraindication for Physical Therapy?

A

Hgb: < 8g/100ml

**8-10g/100ml Physical Therapy treatment to patient tolerance

21
Q

Rapid progression of malignancy, higher incidence in children. Increased production of lymphocytes from the bone marrow and lymph nodes.

A

(ACL) Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

22
Q

Blood disorder where the bone marrow produces a high level of blood platelets and places patient at a high risk for a blood clot, stroke or heart attack.

A

Essential Thrombocythemia.

23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Leukemia

A 
Abrupt onset of high fever
Bleeding
Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen
Progressive weakness
Fatigue
Painful joints
Anemia
Leukocyte count > 500,000 mm3
Thrombocytopenia (decrease in blood platelets)
24
Q

Leukemia Medical Treatments

A 
Immunotherapy
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Human bone marrow transplant after chemotherapy
Autologous bone marrow transplant
25
Q

What are the common sites of Osteosarcomas?

A
  • long bones of extremities
  • proximal humerus
  • pelvis
  • jaw bone *occasional
  • commonly in the metaphysis
  • accounts for 15-20% of all bone tumors
  • more prevalent in M vs F
26
Q

Physical Manifestations that are contraindications for exercise with a cancer patient.

A
  • ataxia
  • weight loss (>35% of premorbid weight)
  • dyspnea with exhaustion
  • bone pain/severe pain
  • extensive skeletal metastases
27
Q

Physical Therapy Treatment goals for cancer patients

A
  • return to highest level of function
  • strength Neuro Re-Education
  • ROM
  • WB
  • Gait training
  • Mobility
  • Balance
  • Pain management
28
Q

Parameters of Aerobic training for a cancer patient

A
  • large muscle groups
  • 40-65% of peak HR
  • 3-5x week
  • 30 minutes/day
29
Q

Parameters of Strength training for a cancer patient

A
  • isometric and light isotonic exercises
  • gravity
  • body weight
  • free weights
  • resistance bands
  • machine progression
  • reps: length of time/ shorten break between exercise
30
Q

What are the differences between endogenous and exogenous cancer?

A

endogenous - genetic

exogenous - environmental or external

PTAP Woundcare (9 decks)

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