Oncology Flashcards
Most common malignant tumor <1 year of age; most common location; is it likely to be metastasized already by the time of diagnosis?
Neuroblastoma
Retroperitoneal, originating from the adrenal medulla
Yes, usually mets present at the time of diagnosis
Which liver malignancy is more common in <3 years old; in more than 3 years old?
<3 years: hepatoblastoma
>3 years: hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatitis B puts you at an increased risk of what type of cancer?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Name the mass. Stalk-like projection (painless) from the metaphysis or diaphysis (distal portion) of a long-bone.
Osteochondroma
Name the mass. Sunburst pattern, Codman’s triangle, painful bony mass.
Osteosarcoma.
Name the mass. Onion skinning, periosteal elevation of the bone. Moth-eaten appearance of bone.
Ewing’s sarcoma (mid-shaft of bone)
Most common age group for ALL? At which ages if ALL is discovered is there the worst prognosis?
Ages 2-5. Worst prognosis if <1 year of age and >10 years of age.
Which type of ALL has the best prognosis? Which disorders are associated with ALL?
Precusors B lymphocytes (this is the most common type (~85%).
Down’s Syndrome, Fanconi Anemia, Ataxia-telangiectasia.
Which malignant tumor can have metastasis to the eyes?
Neuroblastoma
Name the tumor. Benign tumor characterized by a lytic oval area surrounded by sclerotic bone within the metaphysis of the proximal tibia/ fibula or spine. Painful, especially at night. Treated with NSAIDs and salicylates, not Tylenol.
Osteoid osteoma.
Burkitt’s and Hodgkin’s lymphoma is associated with which virus?
Ebstein-Barr Virus
Burkitt’s lymphoma presentation
Either lymphoma of ENT (oral/nasopharyngeal/jaw) area, abdominal (tumors of payer’s patches, etc– can have intussusception as a result), or tumors in patients with HIV
Tumor you think of when you hearing bitemporal hemianopsia?
Craniopharyngioma
Where are medulloblastomas commonly found in the brain?
Cerebellum
Anterior Mediastinal tumors
Usually lymphomas or leukemias (think Hodgkins)
Posterior Mediastinal tumors
Think neurogenic in origin (neurofibroma, neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma)
Reed-Sternberg cells are found in which cancer?
Hodgkins lymphoma
Langerhaans Cell Histiocytosis?
Over-proliferation of cells from the macrophage-monocyte lineage, which forms osteolytic lesions and can affect soft-tissues and organs as well.
Langerhans Histiocytosis affect which bones commonly?
Skull, femur, ribs, vertebrae
Chemo-man; side effects of-- Cisplatin Doxorubicin Bleomycin Cyclophosphamide MTX 6-MP 5-FU Vincristine
Cisplatin: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity Doxorubicin: anthracycline (cardiotoxicity) Bleomycin: pulmonary fibrosis Cyclophosphamide: hemorrhagic cystitis MTX: myelosuppression 6-MP: myelosuppression 5-FU: myelosuppression Vincristine: peripheral neuropathy
Ovarian tumor with calcifications? Name the tumor.
Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst).
What does WAGR stand for?
Wilms tumor
Aniridia
GU abnormalities
Reduced intellectual abilities
Name the tumor: several cranial nerve deficits + ataxia.
Brainstem glioma.
Most common site of metastasis for Wilms tumor
Lungs
Osteolytic lesions, seborrheic like rashes, mastoid bone involvement with chronically draining ears, decreased urine osmolality
Langerhans histiocytosis– central DI related to pituitary dysfunction (decreased urinary osmolality)
Hepatoblastoma would be associated with elevation of which tumor marker?
Alpha-fetoprotein.
