Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric Boards > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Egg on a string

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Boot-shaped heart

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Four structural heart defects in ToF

A
  1. Overriding Aorta (aorta goes anterior to septal wall)
  2. VSD
  3. Pulmonic stenosis/outflow obstruction
  4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathophysiology behind Tet spells

A

Increased R –> L shunting across VSD leading to circulation of deoxygenated blood; can overcome this by increasing venous return/systemic vascular resistance to overcome shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common cyanotic heart disease to present in the newborn period?

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common cyanotic congenital heart disease in general?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (but usually presents around 3-5 months of age, not immediately).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ASD murmur?

A

Fixed wide split of S2, loudest at the LUSB due to increased flow across the pulmonary valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SEM audible at the LUSB with thrill radiating to the back, varies with respiration

A

Pulmonic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SEM audible at the RUSB with thrill at the sternal notch, does not vary with respiration?

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A single second heart sound

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (pulmonic valve sound virtually absent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

During a Tet spell, which of the two is correct?

  • Previous murmur is not audible
  • Auscultation of a new murmur
A

Previous murmur (pulmonic stenosis murmur) is not audible because of lack of RV outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which heart diseases presents with a single S2 heart sound? How can you differentiate the two HDs?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (virtually minimal pulmonic outflow so no natural delay in P2 sound) & TGA
ToF– decreased pulmonary vascularity
TGA– increased pulmonary vascularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CHD where lower extremity sats may be higher than the upper extremity sats?

A

Transposition of the great arteries–

1) RV –> aorta (upper extremities
(2) LV–> pulmonary artery –> PDA –> (lower extremities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

William Syndrome heart defect?

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Noonan Syndrome heart defect?

A

Supravalvular pulmonic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Turner Syndrome heart defect?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

22q11 deletion related heart defect?

A

Conotruncal defects and VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Down Syndrome related heart defect?

A

AV canal defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Marfan Syndrome related heart defect?

A

Aortic root dissection, mitral valve prolapse

20
Q

Features of WPW and increased risk for precipitating what type of arrhythmia?

A

Shortened PR interval and delta wave, risk for precipitating SVT

21
Q

Digoxin and other AV nodal agents (beta-blockers, Ca-channel blockers) are contraindicated in the management of which arrhythmia?

A

SVT or A-fib in WPW; can slow down the normal signal conduction through the AV node and promote signal conduction down the accessory pathway–> can lead to SVT–> VT/Vfib

22
Q

Why is prolonged QT interval bad?

A

If the next heart beats starts before the last ends–> disorganized rhythms such as pulseless VT or V-fib

23
Q

Most common murmur to occur with Rheumatic Fever?

A

Mitral valve regurgitation

24
Q

Major and minor JONES criteria?

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Major– Polyarthritis, Carditis, Subcutaneous Nodules, Erythema marginatum, Sydenham Chorea (just chorea itself may be enough to diagnose ARF)

Minor- High Temp, Elevated ESR, ArthraLgia, Prolonged PR interval (HELP)

1 major and 2 minor or 2 major; also history of Strep + sydenham chorea also enough

25
Q

How to treat ARF?

A

PCN, aspirin (for fever and joint pain), +/- steroids for carditis; Haldol for chorea

26
Q

What test do you order to diagnose endocarditis?

A

Blood culture (not echo); you have to isolate the pathogen in the blood

27
Q

Pulsus paradoxus is seen in which heart conditions?

A

Pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, pericardial effusion; drop in the SBP by more than 10mmHg with inhalation

28
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

When enough fluid fills the pericardial sac to prevent proper filling of the heart (especially affects right heart filling).

29
Q

Radiologic sign for TAPVR?

A

Snowman sign– blood from the pulmonary vein drains into the RA instead of the LA–> causes out-pouching of the SVC and right ventricular border, as well as collateral vessels

30
Q

Five cyanotic congenital heart diseases?

A 
Truncus arteriosus
TGA
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
TAPVR
31
Q

Boxed-shaped heart is a radiographic description describing what heart disease?

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

32
Q

Description of wall-to-wall heart with decreased pulmonary markings?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation 2/2 Ebstein’s anomaly (also described as a box shaped heart)

33
Q

What is the most common cause of SVT in an infant vs in an older child/adolescent?

A

AVRT (infant/neonate) vs AVnRT (older child/adolescent)

34
Q

True or False– HOCM is an inherited condition

A

True– autosomal dominant mutation in sarcomere proteins (myosin, troponin)

35
Q

Persistent stridor and concerns of difficult swallowing solids?

A

Pulmonary sling (the left pulmonary artery branches distally off of the right PA and goes in between the trachea and the esophagus, compressing the esophagus); normally both PAs branch off of the main PA and pass in front of the trachea

36
Q

Definition of prolonged QTc?

A

QTc >0.45 seconds

37
Q

What is the treatment for prolonged QT?

A

Beta-blocker (propranolol)–> slows down conduction through the AV node to prevent firing of a new action potential prior to ventricular repolarization; prolonged QT causes prolonged ventricular repolarization and there is the risk of an AP firing prior to the ventricles completing repolarization

38
Q

What stimulus can trigger an arrhythmia in a patient with prolonged QT?

A

Sudden emotions, startling, exercise (syncopal episodes, can also see seizures due to loss of blood supply to the brain)

39
Q

Why does amiodarone and procainamide work for stopping SVT if adenosine does not work?

A

Both medications with prolong ventricular repolarization

40
Q

Infective Endocarditis prophylaxis indications?

A
  1. Complete repair of cyanotic heart disease, even if repaired with prosthetic material– only for the first 6 months after repair
  2. Heart transplant with a residual cardiac valve defect
  3. Prosthetic heart valves
  4. Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease
  5. Repaired cyanotic heart disease with residual defect at or near the site of prosthetic material
41
Q

What type of procedures is infective endocarditis prophylaxis indicated for?

A

Dental procedures or procedures involving manipulation of oral or respiratory mucosa; not indicated for GI/GU procedures.

42
Q

Pattern of T-wave inversion per age group?

A

Starts off upright in right precordial leads, then inverted in right leads after 1 week of life, then back to being upright in later childhood/adolescence

43
Q

Drugs that can induce drug-induced lupus?

A

Procainamide and Hydralazine

44
Q

rsR’ pattern in V1-V4

A

RVH

45
Q

Greater S waves than R waves in V1-4

A

LVH

Pediatric Boards (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions