Oncogenes and tumor suppressors Flashcards
What two things must happen for cancer to develop? (2)
1) Cells must divide uncontrollably
2) Cells must undergo physical changes and break away from surrounding cells
- correlate with specific mutations in genes
Mutant Forms of Proto-Oncogenes, Contribute to Cancer - What is Proto-Oncogeneses (1)
1) Normal regulatoru gene that promotes cell growth, division or survival
Mutant Forms of Proto-Oncogenes, Contribute to Cancer - What is Oncogenes (1)
1) Mutated or damaged Pro-Oncogenes
Describe in further detail Oncogenes? (3)
1) May cause a rapid growth in cell division / growth
2) May result in cell responding to cell inhibitors
3) Cancer developes when there’s multiple oncogenes
When does cancer develop?
Many oncogenes co-exist
Proto-oncogenes can be activated to Oncogenes by mutation - Point Mutation (2)
1) Translocation - putting a normally low expressed gene under the regulatory effect of a highly expressed gene
2) Resulting in a fusion protein that accelerates growth
Mutant Forms of Tumour Suppressor Genes, and Mutator
Genes Contribute to Cancer (1)
May be damaged, turned off, or mutated in cancer
Mutant Forms of Tumour Suppressor Genes, and Mutator
Genes Contribute to Cancer example
If the p53 tumour suppressor gene is
mutated, a variety of cancers will develop more readily
p53 – Tumour-suppressor and Guardian of the Genome - What happens with P53 if it detects damages DNA (2)
1) P53 rise
2) Arrest the cycles
3) Induce programmed cell death (Apoptosis)
p53 – Tumour-suppressor and Guardian of the Genome- What is Apoptosis and when does it occur (2)
1) Apoptosis is the induced program which kills the self itself
2) Occurs when P53 is introduced because of damaged DNA
p53 – Tumour-suppressor and Guardian of the Genome- - What happens when MUTANT P53 levels rise?
Cells proliferate despite DNA damage
What are BRCA 1/2?
BRCA1/2 are tumour suppressors involved in DNA
repair
BRCA1/2 are tumour suppressors involved in DNA
repair - steps (4)
1) BRCA 1/2 is introduced
2) DNA damage is repaired
3) P53 level rise
4) DNA repairs and transcription of cell cycle arrest proteins
Different repair proteins function at different points in
the cell cycle - When in the cell cycle does P53 happen? (2)
1) G1
2) G2
Different repair proteins function at different points in
the cell cycle - When in the cell cycle doesBRCA 1/2 happen? (2)
1) S
2) G2
