Cancer

Question 1

Most common cancer in males and females (2)

Answer 1

1) Prostate cancer

2) Breast cancer

Question 2

What is the most dangerous cancer among both sexes

Answer 2

Lung cancer

Question 3

How many types of Cancer are there?

Answer 3

200 forms of cancer

Question 4

What is cancer?

Answer 4

Disease of cell division and differentiation

Question 5

What is considered a normal cell? (2)

Answer 5

1) Have regulatory mechanisms

2) Remain in ONE location throughout their lifetime

Question 6

What is considered a normal cell? - Regulatory mechanism describe them (3)

Answer 6

• Internal clock
• Hormones
• Inhibitory signal from nearby cells

Question 7

Tumour can be Benign or Malignant (Mestatic) - Describe a Benign Tumour (2)

Answer 7

1) Remain in one location

2) Can often be removed

Question 8

What does Hyperplasia mean?

Answer 8

Increase in the rate of cell division - Earliest change of the cell

Question 9

What is a tumour?

Answer 9

Cancerous growth, also known as NEOPLASM a progression from hyperplasia

Question 10

What comes first in a tumour? Hyperplasia or Neoplasm?

Answer 10

1) Hyperplasia - increase rate of cell division

2) Cancerous growth emerges aka neoplasm

Question 11

Development steps of a Benign Tumour (3)

Answer 11

1) Genetically altered epithelial cell
2) Hyperplasia
3) benign tumour - no spread, metastasis

Question 12

Cancerous Cells Lose Control Over their Functions and Structures - What is Dysplasia?

Answer 12

1) abnormal change in cell structure

2) Precancerous

Question 13

Cancerous Cells Lose Control Over their Functions and Structures - What a cancerous tumour? (3)

Answer 13

1) Abnormal cell structure
2) Loss of growth control
3) other features hallmark

Question 14

Cancerous Cells Lose Control Over their Functions and Structures - What is In Situ Cancer?

Answer 14

Where the cancer does not spread

Question 15

What does Metastasis officially mean

Answer 15

development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.

Question 16

What is a Malignant Tumour?

Answer 16

Cancer that spreads to another tumour or within tissue

Question 17

Development of a Malignant Tumour? (5)

Answer 17

1) Genetically altered epithelial cell
2) Hyperplasia - rapid division
3) Dysphesia - Abnormal change in cell structure
4) In situ cancer - Cells stay in one place
5) Malignant Tumour - Cancer invades surrounding tissues and enter blood and lymph

Question 18

What are the three main group of cancers? (3)

Answer 18

1) Sacromas 2% - connective tissue, bone, cartilage
2) Leukemias + Lymphomas - 8% blood forming cells / immune system
3) Carcinomas 90% - Originate from epithelial cells (organs)

Question 19

What are the three main group of cancers? Sacromas % and what is it? (2)

Answer 19

1) 2%

2) connective tissue, bone, cartilage

Question 20

What are the three main group of cancers? Leukemias+ Lymphomas % and what is it? (2)

Answer 20

1) 8%

2) Blood forming cells/ immune system

Question 21

What are the three main group of cancers? Carcinomas % and what is it? (2)

Answer 21

1) 90%

2) Originate from epithelial cells (organs)

Question 22

Most common cancer group

Answer 22

epithelial cells (organs) 90% !

Question 23

chromosomal abnormalities are indication of what?

Answer 23

Cancer

Question 24

What are the 6 hallmarks of cancer? (6) **

Answer 24

1) Sustaining Proliferative signalling
2) Evading growth suppressors
3) Activating invasion and metastasis
4) enabling replicative immortality
5) Inducing angiogenesis
6) Resisting cell death