Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

Question 1

What is an oncogene?

Answer 1

Gain of function mutation–>incr cancer risk. Need damage to only 1 allele.

Question 2

What is a tumor suppressor gene?

Answer 2

Loss of function mutation–>incr cancer risk. Need damage to both alleles for cancer.

Question 3

BCR-ABL

Answer 3

Oncogene
CML; ALL
Tyrosine kinase

Question 4

c-myc

Answer 4

Oncogene
Burkitt’s lymphoma
TF

Question 5

bcl-2

Answer 5

Oncogene
Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas
Anti-apoptotic molecule

Question 6

HER2/neu (c-erbB2)

Answer 6

Oncogene
Breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinoma
Tyr kinase

Question 7

ras

Answer 7

Oncogene
Colon, lung, pancreatic cancer
GTPase

Question 8

L-myc

Answer 8

Oncogene
Lung tumor
TF

Question 9

N-myc

Answer 9

Oncogene
Neuroblastoma
TF

Question 10

ret

Answer 10

Oncogene
MEN 2A and 2B
Tyr kinase

Question 11

c-kit

Answer 11

Oncogene
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Cytokine receptor (for stem cell factor)

Question 12

Rb

Answer 12

Tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
Inhibits E2F, blocking G1–>S phase

Question 13

p53

Answer 13

Tumor suppressor gene
Most human cancers, Li-Fraumeni syndrome
TF for p21, blocks G1–>S phase

Question 14

BRCA1

Answer 14

Tumor suppressor gene
Breast and ovarian cancer
DNA repair protein

Question 15

BRCA2

Answer 15

Tumor suppressor gene
Breast and ovarian cancer
DNA repair protein

Question 16

p16

Answer 16

Tumor suppressor gene
Melanoma
CDK-I2A

Question 17

BRAF

Answer 17

Oncogene
Melanoma
S/T kinase

Question 18

APC

Answer 18

Tumor suppressor gene
Colorectal cancer (assoc w/ FAP)

Question 19

WT1

Answer 19

Tumor suppressor gene

Wilm’s tumor (nephroblastoma)

Question 20

NF1

Answer 20

Tumor suppressor gene
Neurofibromatosis type 1
RAS GTPase activating protein (RAS-GAP)

Question 21

NF2

Answer 21

Tumor suppressor gene
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Merlin (schwannomin) protein

Question 22

DPC4/SMAD4

Answer 22

Tumor suppressor gene

Pancreatic cancer

Question 23

DCC

Answer 23

Tumor suppressor gene

Colon cancer

Question 24

MEN1

Answer 24

Tumor suppressor gene

MEN type I

Question 25

PTEN

Answer 25

Tumor suppressor gene | Breast, prostate, endometrial cancer

Question 26

PDGF-beta

Answer 26

Oncogene Astrocytoma GF

Question 27

Cyclin D1

Answer 27

Oncogene Mantle cell lymphoma Cyclin

Question 28

CDK4

Answer 28

Oncogene Melanoma CDK

Question 29

TSC1

Answer 29

Tumor suppressor Tuberous sclerosis Hamartin protein

Question 30

TSC2

Answer 30

Tumor suppressor Tuberous sclerosis Tuberculin protein

Question 31

VHL

Answer 31

Tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau dz Inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a)

Question 32

WT2

Answer 32

Tumor suppressor gene | Wilm's tumor (nephroblastoma)