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Onc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common OSA presentation in dogs?

A

“Away from elbow, towards knee”
Forelimbs
Metaphysis

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2
Q

What are the most common sites for OSA in dogs?

A

Distal radius

Proximal humerus

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3
Q

OSA predisposed breeds:

A

Great Dane
Rotties
Wolfhounds
Greyhounds

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4
Q

Age of OSA flare ups:

A

1-2yo

7-9yo

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5
Q

Most common presenting complaint in OSA dogs:

A

Lameness

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6
Q

3 main diagnostics we use for OSA:

A

Blood
Rads
FNA

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7
Q

T/F: OSA mets to LN

A

False.
OSA mets via bloodstream
90% micromets to lungs

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8
Q

What do the rads look like for OSA?

A

Lytic/blastic lesions

does not cross joints

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9
Q

Describe FNA process:

A

85% accurate but must get the needle into medullary cavity:

Jam shedi best
Michele trephine higher risk of pathological bone fracture

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10
Q

What is the gold standard tx for OSA?

A

Limb amputation

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11
Q

T/F: proximal femoral limb amputation needs agressive sx

A

True.

En-bloc acetabulectomy or subtotal hemipelvectomy

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12
Q

Indications for limb salvage:

A

Severe osteoarthritis
Obesity
Neuro dz

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13
Q

Contraindications for limb salvage

A

Pathological fracture

Advanced dz

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14
Q

What is the preferred site for limb salvage? What is the transection radius?

A

Distal radius

3-5cm

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15
Q

What are some complications with limb salvage?

A

Implant failure
Local tumor recurrence
Infection seen in more than 50% of cases

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16
Q

What is stereotactic radiosurgery (RSS)?

A

Single, targeted radiation dose

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17
Q

Best site for SRS:

A

Proximal humerus due to it’s low fracture rate

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18
Q

OSA tx:

A
  • 4 doses carboplatin
  • bisphosphonates
  • radiation
  • NSAIDs
  • lung lobectomy
  • arantana: canine OSA vaccine
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19
Q

OSA prognosis:

A

1-3mo = palliative

4-6mo = surgery

8-12mo = surgery+chemo

Chemo alone not recommended

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20
Q

How does feline OSA differ from canine?

A

Diaphysis
Pelvic limb
Less aggressive
Amputation alone is curative usually

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21
Q

Mast Cell Tumor signalment:

A

Dogs: 8-9yo
B breeds - less aggressive
Shar pei - more aggressive

Cats: 8-9yo
Siamese

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22
Q

Why are MCT labeled “the great imitators”?

A

They can look like anything and can grow overnight!

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23
Q

Where are MCT located?

In dogs and cats

A 
Dogs = trunk/extremities
Cats = head/neck
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24
Q

MCTs have cytoplasmic granules. What are these and what signs do we see?

A

Histamine, heparin, proteolytic enzymes.

They complicate wound healing and have Darier’s signs: erythema, local hemorrhage, swelling, hypotension, ulcers, etc.

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25
What can we give to try to prevent this degranulation?
H1 - Diphenhrdramine
26
T/F: MCTs met to lungs so we must take rads
False. No lung mets. We only need min. database and LN aspirates
27
What are the 2 cat forms of MCT?
1. Mastocytic = more common | 2. Histiocytic = can regress
28
How do we treat: 1. Localized skin tumor, low grade 2. Localized skin tumor, high grade 3. Unsuccessfully excised tumor 4. Disseminated dz
1. Wide excision and you’re all done 2. Wide excision and adjunctive chemo 3. Scar revision. Recut area [including scar 2cm] with radiation and chemo 4. Neoadjuvant chemo with possible sx later on
29
What kinds of chemo do we use for MCT?
Vinbalstine/Cyclophosphomide We also add pred into this mix
30
What is palladia?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in MCT tx
31
What is the most common canine bladder tumor?
Transitional Cell Carcinoma [TCC]
32
Etiologies for TCC:
- topical insecticides - herbicides [Glyphosate ingredient] - environmental pollution - obesity [28x risk] - females [2x risk] - Scotties
33
T/F: Feeding Scotties veggies 3x/week with normal diet reduced their risk of TCC
True
34
Location of TCC tumor in dogs
Trigone Causes urethral obstruction
35
TCC CS:
Hematuria Lameness [hematogenous bone mets] Dysuria/polyuria Palpable mass in abdomen, thick LN @ rectal palpation
36
3 main diagnostic methods:
1. Traumatic catheterization method with US 2. Cystoscopy 3. Cystosonography
37
How do we treat TCC?
Invasive = cystectomy/laser ablation therapy Non-invasive = stenting
38
T/F: NSAIDs should be avoided in TCCs!
False. All dogs with TCC should receive NSAIDs if possible Piroxicam!
39
What kind of chemo do we use now?
Mitoxantrone [blue thunder] and Piroxicam NSAID Mitox/Pirox
40
What is the most common place for developing canine mammary gland tumors?
Glands 4-5 *cats dont have a predilection site*
41
T/F: Dogs 85% malignant, cats 5O% malignant
False. Dogs = 5O:5O benign:malignant Cats = 85-95% malignant
42
What is an inflammatory carcinoma?
Aggressive variant Very swollen, advanced stage @ presentation Poor prognosis
43
What are some mammary tumor risk factors in cats?
Hormones [intact queens] Siamese Older females
44
What are some mammary tumor risk factors in dogs?
Hormonal exposure Increased BW @ puberty Purebred/smaller Older dogs
45
How do we treat mammary tumors in dogs?
Regional mastectomy + OHE
46
How do we treat mammary tumors in cats?
Bilateral radical mastectomy + OHE Adjunctive chemo = Doxo+NSAID/Cyclophosphamide
47
What is the signalment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [ALL]?
Young Males Dogs
48
What does ALL look like?
Immature, blast cells
49
ALL CS:
Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly Anemia All depends on the organs involved
50
ALL DDx:
Lymphoma | Acute Myeloid Leukemia
51
Which is better to have, ALL or CLL?
CLL! MST 1-3 MONTHS = ALL MST 1-2 YEARS = CLL
52
Signalment for CLL and CS:
Older dogs Asymptomatic - mild symptoms Look like small mature lymphocytes
53
CLL tx:
Pred | Chlorambucil
54
What is the most common canine hematopoietic neoplasia?
Canine Lymphoma
55
T/F: Neutered females and females in industrial environments have higher incidences of lymphoma
True!
56
What is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome with canine lymphoma?
HYPERcalcemia
57
T/F: Feline Lymphoma can affect any organ but DOES respond well to chemo
True
58
T/F: We see HYPERcalcemia in feline lymphoma as well
False, HYPERcalcemia is rare in cats
59
What is multiple myeloma? What is a major CS? How do we treat?
1. Cancer of plasma cells 2. HYPERcalcemia, hyperviscosity, proteinuria 3. Melphalan/Chlorambucil/Pred/Bisphosphonates
60
T/F: Histeocytoma is worst prognosis while malignant histiocytosis is best prognosis
False, opposite.
61
Which dog breed gets malignant histiocytosis?
Bernese Mountain Dogs *they also rarely respond to tx :(

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