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SAM2 > Onc > Flashcards

Onc Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common OSA presentation in dogs?

A

“Away from elbow, towards knee”
Forelimbs
Metaphysis

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2
Q

What are the most common sites for OSA in dogs?

A

Distal radius

Proximal humerus

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3
Q

OSA predisposed breeds:

A

Great Dane
Rotties
Wolfhounds
Greyhounds

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4
Q

Age of OSA flare ups:

A

1-2yo

7-9yo

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5
Q

Most common presenting complaint in OSA dogs:

A

Lameness

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6
Q

3 main diagnostics we use for OSA:

A

Blood
Rads
FNA

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7
Q

T/F: OSA mets to LN

A

False.
OSA mets via bloodstream
90% micromets to lungs

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8
Q

What do the rads look like for OSA?

A

Lytic/blastic lesions

does not cross joints

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9
Q

Describe FNA process:

A

85% accurate but must get the needle into medullary cavity:

Jam shedi best
Michele trephine higher risk of pathological bone fracture

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10
Q

What is the gold standard tx for OSA?

A

Limb amputation

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11
Q

T/F: proximal femoral limb amputation needs agressive sx

A

True.

En-bloc acetabulectomy or subtotal hemipelvectomy

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12
Q

Indications for limb salvage:

A

Severe osteoarthritis
Obesity
Neuro dz

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13
Q

Contraindications for limb salvage

A

Pathological fracture

Advanced dz

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14
Q

What is the preferred site for limb salvage? What is the transection radius?

A

Distal radius

3-5cm

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15
Q

What are some complications with limb salvage?

A

Implant failure
Local tumor recurrence
Infection seen in more than 50% of cases

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16
Q

What is stereotactic radiosurgery (RSS)?

A

Single, targeted radiation dose

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17
Q

Best site for SRS:

A

Proximal humerus due to it’s low fracture rate

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18
Q

OSA tx:

A
  • 4 doses carboplatin
  • bisphosphonates
  • radiation
  • NSAIDs
  • lung lobectomy
  • arantana: canine OSA vaccine
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19
Q

OSA prognosis:

A

1-3mo = palliative

4-6mo = surgery

8-12mo = surgery+chemo

Chemo alone not recommended

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20
Q

How does feline OSA differ from canine?

A

Diaphysis
Pelvic limb
Less aggressive
Amputation alone is curative usually

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21
Q

Mast Cell Tumor signalment:

A

Dogs: 8-9yo
B breeds - less aggressive
Shar pei - more aggressive

Cats: 8-9yo
Siamese

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22
Q

Why are MCT labeled “the great imitators”?

A

They can look like anything and can grow overnight!

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23
Q

Where are MCT located?

In dogs and cats

A 
Dogs = trunk/extremities
Cats = head/neck
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24
Q

MCTs have cytoplasmic granules. What are these and what signs do we see?

A

Histamine, heparin, proteolytic enzymes.

They complicate wound healing and have Darier’s signs: erythema, local hemorrhage, swelling, hypotension, ulcers, etc.

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25
Q

What can we give to try to prevent this degranulation?

A

H1 - Diphenhrdramine

26
Q

T/F: MCTs met to lungs so we must take rads

A

False. No lung mets.

We only need min. database and LN aspirates

27
Q

What are the 2 cat forms of MCT?

A
  1. Mastocytic = more common

2. Histiocytic = can regress

28
Q

How do we treat:

  1. Localized skin tumor, low grade
  2. Localized skin tumor, high grade
  3. Unsuccessfully excised tumor
  4. Disseminated dz
A
  1. Wide excision and you’re all done
  2. Wide excision and adjunctive chemo
  3. Scar revision. Recut area [including scar 2cm] with radiation and chemo
  4. Neoadjuvant chemo with possible sx later on
29
Q

What kinds of chemo do we use for MCT?

A

Vinbalstine/Cyclophosphomide

We also add pred into this mix

30
Q

What is palladia?

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in MCT tx

31
Q

What is the most common canine bladder tumor?

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma [TCC]

32
Q

Etiologies for TCC:

A
  • topical insecticides
  • herbicides [Glyphosate ingredient]
  • environmental pollution
  • obesity [28x risk]
  • females [2x risk]
  • Scotties
33
Q

T/F: Feeding Scotties veggies 3x/week with normal diet reduced their risk of TCC

A

True

34
Q

Location of TCC tumor in dogs

A

Trigone

Causes urethral obstruction

35
Q

TCC CS:

A

Hematuria
Lameness [hematogenous bone mets]
Dysuria/polyuria

Palpable mass in abdomen, thick LN @ rectal palpation

36
Q

3 main diagnostic methods:

A
  1. Traumatic catheterization method with US
  2. Cystoscopy
  3. Cystosonography
37
Q

How do we treat TCC?

A

Invasive = cystectomy/laser ablation therapy

Non-invasive = stenting

38
Q

T/F: NSAIDs should be avoided in TCCs!

A

False.

All dogs with TCC should receive NSAIDs if possible

Piroxicam!

39
Q

What kind of chemo do we use now?

A

Mitoxantrone [blue thunder] and Piroxicam NSAID

Mitox/Pirox

40
Q

What is the most common place for developing canine mammary gland tumors?

A

Glands 4-5

cats dont have a predilection site

41
Q

T/F: Dogs 85% malignant, cats 5O% malignant

A

False.

Dogs = 5O:5O benign:malignant

Cats = 85-95% malignant

42
Q

What is an inflammatory carcinoma?

A

Aggressive variant

Very swollen, advanced stage @ presentation

Poor prognosis

43
Q

What are some mammary tumor risk factors in cats?

A

Hormones [intact queens]
Siamese
Older females

44
Q

What are some mammary tumor risk factors in dogs?

A

Hormonal exposure
Increased BW @ puberty
Purebred/smaller
Older dogs

45
Q

How do we treat mammary tumors in dogs?

A

Regional mastectomy + OHE

46
Q

How do we treat mammary tumors in cats?

A

Bilateral radical mastectomy + OHE

Adjunctive chemo = Doxo+NSAID/Cyclophosphamide

47
Q

What is the signalment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [ALL]?

A

Young
Males
Dogs

48
Q

What does ALL look like?

A

Immature, blast cells

49
Q

ALL CS:

A

Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Anemia
All depends on the organs involved

50
Q

ALL DDx:

A

Lymphoma

Acute Myeloid Leukemia

51
Q

Which is better to have, ALL or CLL?

A

CLL!

MST 1-3 MONTHS = ALL

MST 1-2 YEARS = CLL

52
Q

Signalment for CLL and CS:

A

Older dogs

Asymptomatic - mild symptoms

Look like small mature lymphocytes

53
Q

CLL tx:

A

Pred

Chlorambucil

54
Q

What is the most common canine hematopoietic neoplasia?

A

Canine Lymphoma

55
Q

T/F: Neutered females and females in industrial environments have higher incidences of lymphoma

A

True!

56
Q

What is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome with canine lymphoma?

A

HYPERcalcemia

57
Q

T/F: Feline Lymphoma can affect any organ but DOES respond well to chemo

A

True

58
Q

T/F: We see HYPERcalcemia in feline lymphoma as well

A

False, HYPERcalcemia is rare in cats

59
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

What is a major CS?

How do we treat?

A
  1. Cancer of plasma cells
  2. HYPERcalcemia, hyperviscosity, proteinuria
  3. Melphalan/Chlorambucil/Pred/Bisphosphonates
60
Q

T/F: Histeocytoma is worst prognosis while malignant histiocytosis is best prognosis

A

False, opposite.

61
Q

Which dog breed gets malignant histiocytosis?

A

Bernese Mountain Dogs

*they also rarely respond to tx :(

SAM2 (5 decks)

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