on the wild side Flashcards
what is the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
carbon dioxide is reduced to form organic molecules
what is meant by the term ecosystem?
organisms and abiotic factos
explain why the value for GPP is lower than the light energy available to the ecosystem
not all light falls on the leaves
some light reflected
some light misses chloroplasts
some light is the wrong wavelength
explain why respiration affects the production of biomass
GPP - R = NPP
organic molecules used in respiration to provide energy
because the more organic molecules used in respiration, the less is available for the production of biomass
describe how starch is formed from the products of light independent reactions
2 GALP used to produce a glucose molecule
joined together by glycosidic bonds to form starch
by condensation reactions
producing amylose and amylopectin
describe the light dependant reactions of photosynthesis
light energy excited electrons in chlorophyll
photolysis of water to produce O2, e-, H+
e- used in e- transport chain
generation of ATP
reduction of NADP
why does increasing CO2 conc affect the growth of plants in greenhouses?
co2 is a limiting factor
co2 fixed to produce GP
increased co2 results in more glucose produced
which would lead to a greater rate of growth
describe the roles of the products of light dependant reactions in the Calvin cycle
ATP and NADPH
ATP used by the enzyme converting GALP to RuBP
NAPH used to convert GP to GALP
explain the importance of rubisco to the productivity of an ecosystem
fixes inorganic carbon
allowing formation of organic molecules
organic molecules allow transfer of energy to next trophic level
explain the relationship between the structure and functions of a granum in photosynthesis
formed of layers of thylakoid membranes to increase sa
thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll to absorb light
electron carrier molecules in thylakoid membrane involved in ATP production
describe the difference between the terms niche and habitat
niche is the way an organism interacts with its environment
habitat is the place where an organism lives
explain how CO2 is removed from the air into the oceans
CO2 dissolves in the oceans
for carbon fixation/ light independent reaction
by photosynthesis of seaweed/ algae/ plankton/ autotrophs
name of the reaction when ADP is converted to ATP
phosphorylation
name of the reaction when ATP is converted to ADP
hydrolysis
which molecule is found in the photosystems
chlorophyll
in which part of the chloroplast does the reduction of NADP take place
stroma
describe the role of the electron transport chain
movement of H+ ions across thylakoid membrane
ATP production
describe the role of rubisco in the production of Galp in the light independent reaction
rubisco is an enzyme
in the Calvin cycle
involved in carbon fixation/ bonding of CO2 to RuBP/ reaction between CO2 and RuBP
to form GP
GP converted to GALP
using ATP and NADPH
describe how the membranes inside the chloroplast are involved in photosynthesis
site of light dependant reaction
chlorophyll/ photosystems/ electron carrier proteins on membrane
ATPsynthase in thylakoid membranes
thylakoid membranes provide a place for accumulation of H+
phosphorylation
state what is meant by the term Q10 temperature coefficient
the ratio of the rate of an enzyme reaction taking place at temperatures differing by 10º
what are the units of NPP
kJ m-2 year-1
explain the meaning of the term GPP
rate of energy incorporated into biomass in producers/ plants
explain why NPP is lower than GPP
NPP = GPP - R
energy lost as heat
explain why burning wood chips does not increase carbon dioxide to the atmosphere in the long term
CO2 produced by burning wood replaces that absorbed by trees
trees fix carbon/absorb CO2 from atmosphere for photosynthesis
new trees grown to replace those that are cut down/ carbon neutral
therefore no net increase in CO2
explain how reforestation can be used to minimise climate change
new/ young/ growing trees
more CO2 taken in by photosynthesis than released by respiration/ trees act as a carbon sink
therefore reducing CO2 in atmosphere
which slows the rate of global warming/ reduces greenhouse effect
describe how forests can be managed as a sustainable resource
replacing trees that have been cut down
cut down older trees
replace w seedlings/ young/ rapidly growing trees
