On Intelligence Flashcards
1
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Important Points from Prof. Cole
A
- Hawkins created Palm company
- Software program developed to translate handwriting into computer understood text font
- Graffiti was created because it was easiest for the computer to understand
- Wrote an algorithm that people had to adapt to rather than trying to adapt the computer to people’s inclinations
- Inventing is not some magical process that is beyond our comprehension.
- This is good news, because it means that we can keep improving through further invention.
2
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: Are Some People More Creative than Others?
A
- Nurture: Different viewpoints, models and memories of the world shape different analogies and predictions
- Nature: Sizes of brain regions (V1) and hemispheric laterality
- Number of cells and types of connections
- Einstein had more glia per neuron than average, unusual sulci in parietal
3
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: Can Creativity Lead Me Astray? Can I Fool Myself?
A
- False analogy can lead to dangerous ideas and a belief that erroneous theories are true.
4
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: Can You Train Yourself to Be More Creative?
A
- Persistence in considering a problem over extensive time
- Find different ways to look at problems, this takes time - rephrase
- Graffiti system: chose handwriting style most easily recognizable for the com[puter and left it up to people to learn it - users adapt to computer
5
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: What is Consciousness? Imagination? Reality?
A
Conciousness
- People believe it can’t be explained or reduced to biological terms. Leads to belief in consciousness as a concept outside of science that we cannot yet comprehend.
- Self-awareness and the direct link to declarative memory
- Qualia: “Feelings associated with sensation are somehow independent of sensory input”
Imagination
- Turn prediction into sensory input
Reality
- Teaching children to be skeptical and empathetic, question their own “predictions” when they can recognize that these may be stereotypes
6
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: What is Creativity?
A
- Making predictions by analogy, occurs everywhere in cortex and something done continually while awake
- Occurs in a continuum
- Prediction is application of invariant memory sequences to new situations
- Predict future by analogy to the past
- Piano to vibraphone example (p5)
- Difficult to program a computer to create analogies in this way
- Mathematicians using structure of approach from previously solved problems
- Often how physicians treat disorders they cannot diagnose
- Indicates that more diverse experiences lead to a greater propensity towards creativity, more analogies to apply
7
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: Are Animals Intelligent
A
- Behavior is a means of exploiting the structure of the world for (reproduction?)
- Evolutionary “learning” of single-celled organisms
- Memory and prediction used to reproduce more successfully
- Even automatic behavior
- Modifiable connections in neurons evolved from a simple system of communication via vesicles / vascular
- Plastic nervous system
- Neocortex enables intelligence to different degrees
8
Q
On Intelligence (Hawkins)
Ch 7: What’s Different About Human Intelligence?
A
- We can decipher structure within structure and give things a hierarchy
- Enlarged cortical sheet
- Language, syntax and semantics
- Associations with words and physical things through visual imagery
- Can transmit information across the world
- Epoch 1: Species used DNA as medium for memory over generations
- Epoch 2: Modifiable nervous systems to quickly form memories, adapt behavior to world structure
- Epoch 3: Invention of language and expansion of the neocortex
