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COM Neuro > Olinger > Flashcards

Olinger Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Nissl bodies present

A

In the cell body and the dendrites

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2
Q

Where are Nissl bodies NOT present?

A

Axon hillock

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3
Q

Components of Nissl bodies

A

Free ribosomes, rough ER, and mitochondria

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4
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

Single axon from either side of cell body

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5
Q

Examples of bipolar neurons

A

Retina, olfactory epithelium, vestibular, auditory system

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6
Q

Pseudounipolar neuron

A

Single axon divides a short distance from the cell body

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7
Q

Examples of Pseudounipolar neuron

A

Sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves

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8
Q

Multipolar neuron

A

Many dendrites and single long axons

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9
Q

Two kinds of multipolar neurons

A

Pyramidal and Purkinje cells

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10
Q

Where are pyramidal cells located

A

Cerebral cortex and have huge dendritic tree

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11
Q

Where are Purkinje cells located

A

Cerebellar cortex

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12
Q

What makes up the cerebral cortex layers

A

Gray matter- molecular layer, external granular layer, external pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer, multiform layer
White matter

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13
Q

What makes up the cerebellar organization

A

Gray matter- molecular layer, Purkinje layer, granular layer

White matter

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14
Q

What happens at the synapse

A

Electrochemical process where voltage gated sodium channels will propogate signals very fast down the axon and cause depolarization to send the signal to the next cell body

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15
Q

Where are synaptic vesicles located

A

Located on presynaptic membrane and secrete their contents into the postsynaptic membrane

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of synapses?

A

Axosomatic, axoaxonic, axodendritic, axospinous

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17
Q

Where are astrocytes located?

A

Branching cells of the CNS with end-feet extension

18
Q

End-feet

A

Ends of the cytoplasmic processes off the astrocytes that cover all blood vessels of CNS, pita mater, and dendrites and cell bodies

19
Q

Function of end feet

A

Prevent things from getting where they shouldn’t

20
Q

Components of the blood brain barrier

A

Tight junctions, basal lamina, perivascular astrocytes end-feet

21
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Provide myelination through myelin sheaths and can provide to many axons (whereas in PNS one Schwann cell only provides to single axon)

22
Q

Myelination CNS vs PNS

A

CNS- Astrocytic end foot in direct contact with node. Use oligodendrocytes
PNS- Node of Ranvier. Use Schwann cells

23
Q

Microglia

A

Macrophages of the CNS

24
Q

Function of microglia

A

Release chemoattractant to recruit leukocytes to BBB

25
Q

Ependyma

A

Epithelial cells of the brain

26
Q

Two kinds of ependyma

A

Ependymal epithelium and tanycytes

27
Q

Ependymal epithelium

A

Cuboidal cells linked by desmosomes with mitochondria, cilia, and microvilli

28
Q

Tanycytes

A

Specialized ependymal cells in third ventricle connected by tight junctions

29
Q

Where are tanycytes NOT present

A

In the central canal (brain stem)

30
Q

What lines the central canal of the brain stem

A

Ependymal cells

31
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Ependyma wrapped around fenestrated blood vessels

32
Q

Where is the majority of the CSF made

A

Lumen of 3rd ventricle

33
Q

Arachnoid-CSF barrier

A

Keep CSF of dura

Prevents CSF from the subarachnoid space from contacting the extracellular space of dura mater

DO NOT want CSF pushed up against the dura

34
Q

Components of meninges

A

Pita mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

35
Q

Pita mater

A

Single layer
Flat cells
On brain surface
Directly on neural tissue

36
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Protrusions of arachnoid into the lumen of the venous sinus

37
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Water in your head

38
Q

What reabsorbs CSF

A

Arachnoid granulation a and arachnoid villi

39
Q

Dura mater

A

Tough and collagenous

Surrounds brain and spinal cord

40
Q

5 cells of the CNS

A

Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependyma like cells

COM Neuro (4 decks)

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