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Karius Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine function

A

Motor control, pleasure, consciousness

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2
Q

Dopamine Ionotropic receptors

A

None

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3
Q

Dopamine metabotropic receptors

A

D1 D2 D3

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4
Q

Norepinephrine central location

A

Pons/Brainstem

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5
Q

NE function

A

Wakefulness

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6
Q

NE Ionotropic receptors

A

None

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7
Q

NE metabotropic receptors

A

Alpha and beta adrenergic a

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8
Q

Tyrosine Derivatives

A

Dopamine, Epi, NE

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9
Q

Epinephrine central location

A

Brainstem

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10
Q

Epinepherine function

A

Wakefulness

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11
Q

Epinephrine Ionotropic receptors

A

Non

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12
Q

Epi metabotropic receptors

A

Alpha and beta adrenergics

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13
Q

Serotonin central location

A

Raphe Nuclei

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14
Q

Serotonin function

A

Mood, wakefulness

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15
Q

Serotonin Ionotropic receptors

A

5HT3 (vomitting)

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16
Q

Serotonin Metabotropic receptors

A

Multiple - 5HT6, mood

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17
Q

Tryptophan derivative

A

Serotonin

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18
Q

Histamine central location

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

Histamine function

A

Waking

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20
Q

Histamine Ionotropic receptors

A

None

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21
Q

Histamine Metabotropic receptors

A

H1 and H2

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22
Q

Location where Ach is made in the brain

A

Midbrain and pons

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23
Q

Striatum of the brain controls..

A

Motor control

The axons sent from each cell body stay in the striatum

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24
Q

Alzheimer’s and Ach

A

Nucleus which is cholinergic is first to get it and lose function
Lose excitement in the cholinergic neurons

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25
Ach General funcitions
Consciousness, awareness, voluntary motion, initiation of REM sleep
26
Where is Ach stored
Moved into clear vesicles by VAchT (vesicular transporter protein)
27
Where is Ach-esterase bound
Post-synaptic cell membrane
28
Where will you NOT find a lot of Ach? Why?
CSF because there should be lots of Ach-ase that breaks it down
29
Receptors for Ach
Muscarinic receptors and nicotinic
30
5 types of Ach, muscarinic receptors
M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
31
M1
Gq, neuronal
32
M2
G1, cardiac
33
M3
Gq, smooth m of bronchi, vasculature, endothelial cells
34
M4
Gi, Glands
35
M5
Gq
36
Where are Ach nicotinic receptors found
In the in CNS
37
5 subunits of nicotinic Ach receptors
A, b, y, delta, e
38
Why are nicotinic subunits important
Changes in subtypes changes the way the channel behaves | Ex. Can change Na+ concentration and Ca++ concentration
39
What kind of receptors are nicotinic receptors
Ionotropic and allow sodium entrance and also the neuronal form allows calcium influx
40
Excitatory amino acids
Glutamate, aspartate, taurine
41
Inhibitory amino acids
GABA, glycine
42
Where is GABA located
Cerebellum, cortex, and retina **if asked about GABA think high CNS
43
Function of GABA
Critical for producing consciousness, voluntary motor control, major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS
44
How is GABA made
Derived from glutamate and uses glutamate decarboxylase
45
How is GABA action limited
Reputable and breakdown by GABA transaminase
46
What does GABA bind to?
GABAa receptors and GABAb receptors
47
Characteristics of GABAa receptors
Ionotropic, chloride conductance (allow Cl- in the cell), benzodiazepine site of potentiation
48
Chloride conductance
Flow determined by ion channel Cl- in hyperpolarizes the cell and makes it harder to excite
49
Characteristics of GABAb receptors
Serpentine resulting in hyperpolarization
50
General Anesthetics and GABA
Postulated to procedure anesthesia by activating these receptors to cause hyperpolarization of the cell
51
Where do you find glycine?
Spinal cord
52
Function of glycine
Mediated spinal inhibitions
53
/What does glycine bind to
Glycine receptors
54
Characteristics of glycine receptors
Ionotropic, pentomeric, subunit binds glycine, chloride channel
55
What blocks glycine channel?
Strychinine and causes convulsion
56
Dopamine central location
Basal Ganglia VTA
57
Where are opiods made
basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and parabrachial nuclei
58
Function of opiods
modification of nociceptive inputs and mood
59
Proenkephalin
met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin
60
Pro-opiomelanocortinin
beta endophins
61
Prodynorphin
3 molecules of leu-enkephalin and dynorphin
62
Orphanin FQ
nociceptin
63
How are opioids made
they are peptides so they follow the DNA to RNA to protein cycle
64
How to limit opioid activity
enzymatic disruption by enkephalinase A and B and aminopeptidase
65
Where do opioids bind to?
meu, kappa, delta receptors
66
Meu receptor
metabotropic and does analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria
67
Analgasia
pain reduction
68
Long term opioid use
can cause constipation problems
69
Kappa receptors
metabotropic and does analgesia, miosis, and dysphoria*
70
Delta receptors
metabotropic and does analgesia | *useful because no other affects so this is why it may be prefered over a meu receptor*
71
Indirect ion effects of meu receptors
increase K efflux and hyperpolarize
72
Indirect ion effects of kappa and delta receptors
decrease calcium
73
2 Endococannabinoids
Anandamide and 2-Arachidonylglycerol
74
Anandamide
get from lipids of cell membrane, "bliss"
75
Common characteristic of Anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol
both use arachidonic acid
76
Where are endococannabinoids located?
Basal Ganglia and spinal cord
77
Basal Ganglia and endococannabinoids
affect/motor
78
Spinal cord and endococannabinoids
modulation of nociception
79
Receptors for endococannabinoids
CB-1 and CB-2
80
CB-1
Gi, reduced neurotransmitter release to protect the brain
81
CB-2
anti-inflammatory and in the brain cause macrophages to remove B-amyloid

COM Neuro (4 decks)

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