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COM Neuro > Karius Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Karius Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine function

A

Motor control, pleasure, consciousness

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2
Q

Dopamine Ionotropic receptors

A

None

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3
Q

Dopamine metabotropic receptors

A

D1 D2 D3

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4
Q

Norepinephrine central location

A

Pons/Brainstem

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5
Q

NE function

A

Wakefulness

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6
Q

NE Ionotropic receptors

A

None

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7
Q

NE metabotropic receptors

A

Alpha and beta adrenergic a

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8
Q

Tyrosine Derivatives

A

Dopamine, Epi, NE

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9
Q

Epinephrine central location

A

Brainstem

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10
Q

Epinepherine function

A

Wakefulness

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11
Q

Epinephrine Ionotropic receptors

A

Non

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12
Q

Epi metabotropic receptors

A

Alpha and beta adrenergics

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13
Q

Serotonin central location

A

Raphe Nuclei

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14
Q

Serotonin function

A

Mood, wakefulness

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15
Q

Serotonin Ionotropic receptors

A

5HT3 (vomitting)

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16
Q

Serotonin Metabotropic receptors

A

Multiple - 5HT6, mood

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17
Q

Tryptophan derivative

A

Serotonin

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18
Q

Histamine central location

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

Histamine function

A

Waking

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20
Q

Histamine Ionotropic receptors

A

None

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21
Q

Histamine Metabotropic receptors

A

H1 and H2

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22
Q

Location where Ach is made in the brain

A

Midbrain and pons

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23
Q

Striatum of the brain controls..

A

Motor control

The axons sent from each cell body stay in the striatum

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24
Q

Alzheimer’s and Ach

A

Nucleus which is cholinergic is first to get it and lose function
Lose excitement in the cholinergic neurons

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25
Q

Ach General funcitions

A

Consciousness, awareness, voluntary motion, initiation of REM sleep

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26
Q

Where is Ach stored

A

Moved into clear vesicles by VAchT (vesicular transporter protein)

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27
Q

Where is Ach-esterase bound

A

Post-synaptic cell membrane

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28
Q

Where will you NOT find a lot of Ach? Why?

A

CSF because there should be lots of Ach-ase that breaks it down

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29
Q

Receptors for Ach

A

Muscarinic receptors and nicotinic

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30
Q

5 types of Ach, muscarinic receptors

A

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5

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31
Q

M1

A

Gq, neuronal

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32
Q

M2

A

G1, cardiac

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33
Q

M3

A

Gq, smooth m of bronchi, vasculature, endothelial cells

34
Q

M4

A

Gi, Glands

35
Q

M5

A

Gq

36
Q

Where are Ach nicotinic receptors found

A

In the in CNS

37
Q

5 subunits of nicotinic Ach receptors

A

A, b, y, delta, e

38
Q

Why are nicotinic subunits important

A

Changes in subtypes changes the way the channel behaves

Ex. Can change Na+ concentration and Ca++ concentration

39
Q

What kind of receptors are nicotinic receptors

A

Ionotropic and allow sodium entrance and also the neuronal form allows calcium influx

40
Q

Excitatory amino acids

A

Glutamate, aspartate, taurine

41
Q

Inhibitory amino acids

A

GABA, glycine

42
Q

Where is GABA located

A

Cerebellum, cortex, and retina

**if asked about GABA think high CNS

43
Q

Function of GABA

A

Critical for producing consciousness, voluntary motor control, major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

44
Q

How is GABA made

A

Derived from glutamate and uses glutamate decarboxylase

45
Q

How is GABA action limited

A

Reputable and breakdown by GABA transaminase

46
Q

What does GABA bind to?

A

GABAa receptors and GABAb receptors

47
Q

Characteristics of GABAa receptors

A

Ionotropic, chloride conductance (allow Cl- in the cell), benzodiazepine site of potentiation

48
Q

Chloride conductance

A

Flow determined by ion channel Cl- in hyperpolarizes the cell and makes it harder to excite

49
Q

Characteristics of GABAb receptors

A

Serpentine resulting in hyperpolarization

50
Q

General Anesthetics and GABA

A

Postulated to procedure anesthesia by activating these receptors to cause hyperpolarization of the cell

51
Q

Where do you find glycine?

A

Spinal cord

52
Q

Function of glycine

A

Mediated spinal inhibitions

53
Q

/What does glycine bind to

A

Glycine receptors

54
Q

Characteristics of glycine receptors

A

Ionotropic, pentomeric, subunit binds glycine, chloride channel

55
Q

What blocks glycine channel?

A

Strychinine and causes convulsion

56
Q

Dopamine central location

A

Basal Ganglia VTA

57
Q

Where are opiods made

A

basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and parabrachial nuclei

58
Q

Function of opiods

A

modification of nociceptive inputs and mood

59
Q

Proenkephalin

A

met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin

60
Q

Pro-opiomelanocortinin

A

beta endophins

61
Q

Prodynorphin

A

3 molecules of leu-enkephalin and dynorphin

62
Q

Orphanin FQ

A

nociceptin

63
Q

How are opioids made

A

they are peptides so they follow the DNA to RNA to protein cycle

64
Q

How to limit opioid activity

A

enzymatic disruption by enkephalinase A and B and aminopeptidase

65
Q

Where do opioids bind to?

A

meu, kappa, delta receptors

66
Q

Meu receptor

A

metabotropic and does analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria

67
Q

Analgasia

A

pain reduction

68
Q

Long term opioid use

A

can cause constipation problems

69
Q

Kappa receptors

A

metabotropic and does analgesia, miosis, and dysphoria*

70
Q

Delta receptors

A

metabotropic and does analgesia

useful because no other affects so this is why it may be prefered over a meu receptor

71
Q

Indirect ion effects of meu receptors

A

increase K efflux and hyperpolarize

72
Q

Indirect ion effects of kappa and delta receptors

A

decrease calcium

73
Q

2 Endococannabinoids

A

Anandamide and 2-Arachidonylglycerol

74
Q

Anandamide

A

get from lipids of cell membrane, “bliss”

75
Q

Common characteristic of Anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol

A

both use arachidonic acid

76
Q

Where are endococannabinoids located?

A

Basal Ganglia and spinal cord

77
Q

Basal Ganglia and endococannabinoids

A

affect/motor

78
Q

Spinal cord and endococannabinoids

A

modulation of nociception

79
Q

Receptors for endococannabinoids

A

CB-1 and CB-2

80
Q

CB-1

A

Gi, reduced neurotransmitter release to protect the brain

81
Q

CB-2

A

anti-inflammatory and in the brain cause macrophages to remove B-amyloid

COM Neuro (4 decks)

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