Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANP 1106 > Olfactory Taste > Flashcards

Olfactory Taste Flashcards

1
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is gustation?

A

Taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the chemoreceptors of gustation and olfaction respond to overall?

A

Chemicals dissolved in an aqueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do the chemoreceptors in taste specifically respond to?

A

Substances dissolved in saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the chemoreceptors in smell specifically respond to?

A

Substances dissolved in fluids of the nasal membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a specialized part of the nasal epithelium called? What is it?

A

The olfactory epithelium- It is found in the roof of the nasal cavity and it contains olfactory receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is another term for olfactory neurons?

A

olfactory receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How are olfactory neurons unique?

A

They are replaced by new neurons after 4-8 weeks
These new neurons are formed from the basal cell which is a stem cell

They contain a dendrite that points downwards towards the mucus overlaying the olfactory epithelium and in mucus it branches into olfactory cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does mucus capture?

A

Oderants-chemicals capable of detection by the receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

About _____ unique receptors can differentiate _____ odors

A

1000, 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many oderant receptors might need to be activated to distinguish a unique odour?

A

10-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Many molecules are needed to activate an olfactory receptor?

A

False- Only a few molecules are needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do odorants produce graded potentials?

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is smell transduced?

A
  1. Odorant binds to receptor
  2. Activation of G protein-coupled olfactory receptor
  3. G protein activates adenylate cyclase
  4. Adenylate cyclase converys ATP to cAMP
  5. cAMP opens Na+ and Ca^2+ channels
  6. Depolarization
  7. AP is triggered in neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Second messenger cAMP acts as an intracellular ligand to activate ligand-gated ion channels to produce and EPSP

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is smell transmitted?

A
  1. Axons olfactory receptor -> olfactory bulbs
  2. Synapse of axon w/ mitral cells
  3. Activation of mitral cells
  4. Impulses flow from olfactory bulb via olfactory tracts to olfactory cortex, then limbic system
17
Q

Does the input of smell pass through the thalamus?

A

NO- the sense of smell is the only input to the
cerebral cortex that does not pass through the
thalamus

18
Q

Where do the axons of the olfactory receptor cell ascend up through?

A

bony roof of the nasal cavity via
tiny holes in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid
bone into the cranial cavity

19
Q

What forms the olfactory nerve? What is another name for it?

A

Axons of the mitral cells

Olfactory tracts- as it is not a true nerve

20
Q

Where are smells identified and interpreted?

A

Olfactory Cortex

21
Q

Where is the olfactory cortex located?

A

Inferior frontal lobe

22
Q

What location can we find memories and emotions associated with smells?

A

Limbic system

23
Q

What are the requirements for a chemical to be tasted?

A

Must be dissolved in saliva
Must contact gustatory hairs

24
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

papillae- small protuberances on the surface of the tongue

25
Q

What are taste buds composed of?

A

More than 50 epithelial cells that have 2 types:
-Gustatory epithelial cells (sensory taste cells)
-Basal epithelial cells (stem cells)

26
Q

What is taste reception dependent on?

A

Specialized gustatory receptor cells that detect the taste signal and relay it to gustatory afferent nerve terminals (CN VII or CN IX)

27
Q

What are the five basic taste sensations?

A

Sweet
SOur
Bitter
Salt
Umami

28
Q

Which taste sensation is elicited by the amino acid glutamate?

A

Umami

29
Q

Which taste sensation comes from alkaloids such as quinine and nicotine?

A

Bitter

30
Q

Which taste sensation comes from hydrogen ions?

A

sOUR

31
Q

Which taste sensation comes from metal ions?

A

Salt

32
Q

Which taste sensation comes from sugars, saccharin, alcohol, and some amino acids?

A

Sweet

33
Q

What does umami mean?

A

The Japanese word for savory or deliciousness
Think MSG- Monosodium glutamate

34
Q

True or False: The tongue does not have sensory receptors?

A

False- The tongue contains somatosensory receptors for touch, heat, etc.

35
Q

How are chemicals detected by gustatory cells?

A

They contain microvillae called gustatory hairs that extend through the taste pore into saliva

36
Q

True or False: Gustatory hairs have membrane receptors for gustatory chemicals?

A

True

37
Q

How often are gustatory cell receptors replaced?

a) every month
b) twice a year
c) every 7 days
d) every 5 hours

A

c) every 7 days

ANP 1106 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions