Olfactory

Question 1

olfaction: the sensation of smell, via detection of _____ in the air that we breathe

Answer 1

odorants

Question 2

olfactory receptors are distributed within the ______ lining an upper portion of the nasal cavity

Answer 2

olfactory epithelium

Question 3

a stream of inhaled air is circulated past the olfactory epithelium, which is coated with a ______

Answer 3

mucus lining

Question 4

______ stimulation of odorant receptors triggers bioelectric signaling (trains of action potentials) from the olfactory sensory neuron

Answer 4

Ligand

Question 5

______ projecting a “dendrite” into the olfactory epithelium, and an axon which projects into the olfactory bulb

Answer 5

bipolar neurons,

Question 6

the human genome contains ~_____odor receptor genes

Answer 6

1000

Question 7

_____ of the 1000 odor receptor genes code for receptor proteins*

Answer 7

400

Question 8

odorant receptors belong to the ______ , with each presenting a unique and specific sequence and structural motif

Answer 8

G protein-coupled superfamily

Question 9

Odorants function as ligands which bind to olfactory receptors, to trigger the opening of ______ , causing the sensory neuron to depolarize

Answer 9

ion channels

Question 10

T/F odorant receptors are rapidly adapting

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Encoding the intensity of smell: The strength of the neuronal response ) will vary in proportion to the ______ of the odorant

Answer 11

concentration

Question 12

Each olfactory neuron will express ______ of the ~400 distinct receptors encoded by the human genome

Answer 12

just one

Question 13

How many distinct odorant can humans discriminate?

Answer 13

10,000 +

Question 14

What are the two key characteristics of receptor odorant specificity:

Answer 14

any one receptor will respond to more than just one odorant

any one odorant will stimulate more than just one receptor

Question 15

Individual odorants are detected by an array of receptors, that generate a ______ of signals

Answer 15

distinctive pattern

Question 16

_______ will generate unique patterns of receptor activation that enable coding of individual odorants

Answer 16

combinatorial coding

Question 17

Primary axons from the olfactory receptors project into the _____ where they synapse upon second order neurons

Answer 17

olfactory bulb

Question 18

axons from olfactory sensory neurons synapse upon dendrites of olfactory bulb neurons within distinct bundles of neuropil called ______

Answer 18

glomeruli

Question 19

______ & ____ cells are relay neurons that project axons towards the olfactory cortex

Answer 19

mitral & tufted

Question 20

_______ cells are interneurons that encircle the glomerulus

Answer 20

periglomerular cells

Question 21

Where does integration and processing of the primary afferent signals arising from the olfactory receptors take place?

Answer 21

Olfactory Bulb

Question 22

inputs that converge upon one particular _____ appear to all derive from just one particular type of receptor

Answer 22

glomerulus