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Patient care 2 > Older adult > Flashcards

Older adult Flashcards

1
Q

What was the average life expectancy in 2020

A

78.93 years

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2
Q

What is the focus on while assessing older adults

A

Healthy / successful aging

*Extra importance with functional assessment

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3
Q

What are the goals of care with older adults

A

maintain function
fulfilling, active lives
Promote healthy aging

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4
Q

What is primary aging

A

changes in physiologic reserve that occur over time

*independent of changes induced by disease

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5
Q

When does primary aging generally appear

A

during periods of stress
-dehydration
-shock
-other acute illness

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6
Q

What changes occur with BP in older adults

A

Systolic HTN with widened pulse pressure and an auscultatory gap

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7
Q

What occurs to heart rate / rhythm with older adults

A

decline in function of pacemaker cells
-affects the response to physiologic stress

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8
Q

How is respiratory rate different in older adults

A

It doesn’t

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9
Q

How does temperature change in older adults

A

changes in temp regulation leads to susceptibility (hypo/hyperthermia)

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10
Q

What type of skin do older adults have

A

“onion skin”
Fragile/loose/transparent

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11
Q

How do nails change in older adults

A

lose luster
yellow
thicken (especially toes)

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12
Q

How does hair change in older adults

A

Loses pigment
hairline recedes
loss of hair occurs elsewhere

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13
Q

What happens to the eyes of older people

A

Eyeballs recede into orbit
corneas lose luster
dry eye common
pupils become smaller
presbyopia

increased risk for glaucoma / cataracts / macular degeneration

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14
Q

What happens to the ears of older adults

A

decreased hearing (presbycusis)
increased cerumen impaction

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15
Q

What changes occur in the mouth of older adults

A

decreased salivary secretion
decreased taste sense

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16
Q

What generally causes a decrease sense of taste in older adults

A

medications

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17
Q

What changes to the thorax and lungs in older adults

A

Decrease exercise capacity
Chest wall stiffens
Kyphosis (osteoporosis)

18
Q

What may cause a decrease in exercise capacity in older adults

A

cardiac or pulmonary or both

19
Q

If you hear S3 after age 40, what is it suggestive of

A

HF

20
Q

What extra heart sound can be heard in older adults

A

S3
S4 -> can be healthy (older) but suggestive of decreased ventricular compliance = decrease filling

21
Q

Why is aortic sclerosis common in older adults

A

Fibrosis and calcification
but does not impede blood flow

22
Q

Why do you hear aortic stenosis in older adults

A

Leaflets become calcified and immobile

Outflow obstruction

*most common

23
Q

How common is erectile dysfunction in older men

A

1/2 of older men have it

24
Q

When does benign prostatic hyperplasia present

A

in the third decade of life and continue into the 7th

25
Q

When do women stop having menses

A

48-55

26
Q

What is dyspareunia

A

Painful sex

27
Q

When are ovaries no longer palpable in women

A

10 years after menopause

28
Q

Where does the majority of height loss occur in older adults

A

trunk

29
Q

What are the special areas need to be assessed during older adults appointment s

A

Functional status
Polypharmacy
Fall risk
Cognitive problems
mood
nutrition
incontinence
vision / hearing
social support
GOC
advanced directives

30
Q

What do you assess regarding functional status

A

ADLs
IADLs

31
Q

what is the average number of meds patients that are discharged to a skilled nursing facility on

A

14

32
Q

What is the beers criteria

A

Criteria for drugs to help avoid adverse reactions

33
Q

What is the most modifiable fall risk factor for older adults

A

Meds

34
Q

What are falls associated with in older adults

A

decline in functional status
Increase chance in nursing home
Increased death risk
greater use of medical services

35
Q

What tools do you use to check mental status in older adults

A

MOCA
MME
Mini-cog

36
Q

What test do you preform on an older adult if they have had a fall recently

A

TUG test
“timed up and go”

37
Q

Which older patients are at increased risk of urinary incontinence

A

diabetics

38
Q

What age is the pneumococcal vaccine recommended

A

65 and up

39
Q

When should a patient be screened for colorectal screening

A

45-75

40
Q

When should breast exams be done

A

biennial from 50-74

41
Q

When should lung cancer be screened for

A

55-80 with someone who had 30 pack years

42
Q

When can cervical cancer screenings be stopped

A

65

Patient care 2 (5 decks)

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